The end of the Cold War 1970-91

• What was Detente?

  A period of peace, fewer hostilities
• Name an agreement which was made at the SALT 1 treaty in 1972?

  The Interim Treaty placed restrictions on the number of ICBMs each country could have
• What three ‘basket’ agreements were made at the Helsinki Accords in 1975?

  European borders

  International cooperation 

  Human rights
• Why did President Carter feel that he could not finalise the SALT 2 treaty?

  The Soviet Union had invaded Afghanistan
• Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

  They wanted to make sure that Afghanistan remained pro-Soviet. They didn’t want Muslim fundamentalism to spread into Soviet countries
• What happened in Afghanistan?

  Amin was killed and replaced by the pro-Soviet Babrak Kamal 

  The Soviets stayed in Afghanistan for 10 years
• Who became US President after Carter?

  Ronald Reagan
• What did the USA decide to do about the Moscow Olympics in 1980?


  They boycotted the Olympic games along with 60 other nations
• How did Reagan describe the Soviet Union?

  As an ‘evil empire’
• What was the Reagan Doctrine?

  The USA would not only support anti-communist governments, but also anti-communist groups trying to overthrow communist governments
• What was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)?

  Also known as ‘Star Wars’ - Reagan wanted to place satellites in orbit which could shoot down Soviet missiles
• Who became leader of the Soviet Union in 1985?

  Gorbachev
• What was Perestroika?

  The Soviet economy should include some capitalist practices. 

  Reorganising and restructuring the Soviet state. 
• What was Glasnost?

  Russian word for ‘openness’ and ‘transparency’
• Name 3 summit meetings where Gorbachev and Reagan and planned to further limit nuclear weapons

  Geneva Summit, 1985 

  Washington Summit, 1987 

  Moscow Summit, 1989
• What did Gorbachev bring to an end?

  Gorbachev ended the Brezhnev Doctrine 

  The Soviet satellite countries were free to choose how they would be governed
• What was a key symbolic event of the ending of the Cold War?

  The fall of the Berlin Wall