Fractional distillation

• Fractional distillation

  1. Heat mixture of liquids in a flask

  2. Attach to fractionating column

  3. Fractionating column is hottest at bottom and coolest at top

  4. Liquid with lowest boiling point evaporates first

  5. Condenses at top of column and can be collected

  6. Liquids with higher boiling points may also start to evaporate

  7. Condense part way up column and fall back into flask

  8. Increase temperature of column to collect liquid with next highest boiling point
• Fractional distillation is used to separate, mixtureof liquids with different boiling points

  
• Sequence of distillation is

  Heating -> evaporating -> cooling -> condensing
• Fractional distillation is used to sperate oil aswell

  1. Oil is heated in fractionating column
  2. Oil evaporates and condenses at range of different temperatures