INIDA

• James Andrew Brown Ramsay (1st Marquess of Dalhousie) 


  He was a controversial Scot to serve in India. Dalhousie was made Governor-General of India in 1848. During his time as governor, he developed a plan to build railway lines across India as well as telegraph communications and the uniform postage which was known as the “three great engines of social improvement”. Such developments modified and unified India.
• James Andrew Brown Ramsay (1st Marquess of Dalhousie)

  Ramsay banned the practices of Suttee and thuggee. Suttee was the Hindu practice where a widow would voluntarily throw herself (or be forced) on the funeral pyre of her husband. Thuggee was a term used for an organised cult of killers in India. They killed travellers quickly by strangulation using a thick strong rope. The British banned this practice.

  This made Indian unhappy.
• Charles James Napier

  Westernisation meant many things, ranging from opening up India for trade to imposing good administration and ending ‘savage’ practices. Under such thinking, it seemed perfectly logical for the British to take over the corrupt province of Oudh. However, such moves were very unpopular in India at the time and led to the growth of anti-British feeling, eventually resulting in mutiny.
• Charles James Napier

  •However, some Scottish influence in India in a positive way.•He was a Scottish soldier who conquered the Indian province of Sindh (in Modern day Pakistan) in 1842. •He is credited with creating a police force to keep order as well as develop the province economically.
• Robert Bruce

  An impact of Scots emigration to India was the development of the tea industry. Robert Bruce established one of the first tea plantations in 1826, in the Assam of North West India. His tea was accepted as being of sufficient quality to be traded back to Britain, and was on sale in London by 1839. This trade helped establish tea as a tradeable good that could compete with the lucrative Chinese tea market
• Andrew Yule

  He was one of the Scotsmen who served in India who arrived just after the Indian Mutiny in 1857-8. It was a time of change and industrial development. By the time he arrived the British Government was in direct control of the country.

  In 1869 the Suez canal opened and it was nicknamed ‘the highway to India’ as it was a faster route from Britain to India. One of the first businesses set up by Andrew Yule was with the Hoolungpooree Tea Company. His interest expanded into insurance, cloth companies and in 1875 into jute. He retired to Britain, a rich man in 1888.
• The Jute Industry

  Jute was an important material that was used to make bags and containers that could hold heavy materials. Dundee had been heavily involved in producing jute, which involved mixing raw jute from Bengal with Scottish whale oil, however the centre of this industry moved from Dundee to India.

  By 1914, more than 1000 Scottish jute workers lived in India and used their industrial experience from Scotland to develop the Indian jute industry .

  By 1939, there were 68,377 looms operating in India, enough to meet the world demand for jute.
• John Farquhar

  An impact Scots that some Scots emigrants were able to have business. Many Scots were able to make vast fortunes through economic expansion and development in India.

  John Farquhar was born in Crimond, Aberdeenshire and moved to India as a surgeon's mate.

  His knowledge of chemistry allowed him to expand into the production and inspection of gunpowder and he controlled this vital commodity.
• Scots and Christianity and the Indian Mutiny

  One of the reasons for the Indian mutiny was the fear of conversion to Christianity. Many Scots came over to India to serve in the religious missions as they were known. Most Scottish missionaries were well educated and keen to educate the Indians. The argument was that if Indians were well educated then they would see the truth of God’s word in the Bible and help covert the rest of the India population. The years after the Mutiny saw an increase in Scottish and English missions to India.
• Education

  The Scottish missionaries had an important role in the development of education in India. For example, Reverend Alexander Duff was born in Perthshire, and he arrived in India in 1830 on a Church of Scotland mission to Calcutta. He opened an educational establishment which taught English. Within a week his school had over 300 applicants, he was so successful that his model was used in Bombay, Madras and Nagpur.
• Education pt 2

  His influence was important in the 1854 proposal to establish universities in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. He was particularly linked in the founding of Calcutta university as well as the first medical college in the country. He is also associated with setting up a number of girls schools in India too.