irradation and contamination

• Irradiation


  Exposing an object to nuclear radiation (e.g. alpha, beta, gamma, neutrons)
• Irradiation for sterilization


  • Sterilizing medical equipment by exposing it to gamma radiation from a radioactive isotope
• When an object is irradiated, it does not become radioactive itself
• Ionizing radiation


  • Can increase the risk of cancer in humans
• Shielding


  Using materials like lead to stop radiation
• Radioactive contamination


  Unwanted radioactive isotopes ending up on other materials
• Hazards of radioactive contamination

  • Alpha emitters can be very dangerous if inhaled or ingested
  • Beta particles can damage cells inside the body
  • Gamma rays can pass through the body and are usually less hazardous than alpha or beta
• Scientists publish and share studies on the effects of radiation on humans, which undergo peer review