USCP L4

•  “Palaeolithic” was coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865. It is derived the from Greek word, palaios, which means "old"; and, lithos, "stone", In short, the Palaeolithic Period, which happened 2.5 million years ago, is also known as "Old Stone Age".
• The Neolithic Revolution

  It is also called as the First Agricultural Revolution. During this period, there was a wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to of agriculture and settlement kind of society which eventually led to population increase.
• Evolution

  Process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations
• Importance of evolution

  • Helps analyze man's physiological development which is important in his subsistence
  • The evolution of man became an important concern in the emergence of different societies
  • Early man's development serves as an avenue in progress of our society
• Homo Habilis


  • Species with a brain of a Broca's area
  • First to make stone tools
  • Species name means "handy man"
  • Lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago scavenging for food
• Homo Rudolfensis

  • Have longer face, larger molar & premolar teeth
  • Larger braincase than Habilis particularly larger frontal lobes
  • Lived about 1.9 to 1.8 million years ago
  • Species name "upright man" with body proportions similar to modern humans
  • First hunters with improvised tools such as axe and knives
  • First to produce fire
  • Lived 1.89 to 143,000 years ago
• Homo Heidelbergensis


  • Species with large brow ridge and short wide bodies
  • First to hunt animals on a routine basis using spears
  • First to construct human shelters
  • Lived about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago
• Homo Flores


  • Species nicknamed "hobbit" due to small stature with a height of more than 3 feet
  • Lived 95,000 to 17,000 years ago in the island of Flores, Indonesia along with other dwarfed animal species
• Homo Sapiens


  • Species name means "wise man" that appeared from 200,000 years ago
  • The present human race belongs to this species
• Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis


  • Subspecies also known as "Neanderthal man", the closest relative of modern humans
  • First to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering food, and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles
  • Lived about 20,000 to 28,000 years ago
• Homo Sapiens-Sapiens


  • Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon
  • First to produce art in cave paintings and crafting decorated tools and accessories
  • Lived in the last ice age of Europe from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago
• Types of Society

  • Hunting and Gathering Society
  • Pastoral Society
  • Horticultural Society
  • Agrarian/Agricultural Society
  • Feudal Society
  • Industrial Society
  • Post-industrial Society
• Hunting and Gathering Society


  Societies that rely primarily or exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support their diet. Until humans began to domesticate plants and animals about ten thousand years ago, all human societies were hunter-gatherers.
• Pastoral Society


  This type of society is characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply. Pastoral communities have larger populations than hunting and gathering societies and remain longer in one place.
• Horticultural Society


  Engages in the small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals. Semi-nomadic, which means that they travel to another place when there is a shortage of resources in one area.
• Agrarian/Agricultural Society


  Involves in large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals. Characterized by improved technology and usage of tools to aid in farming which results in increased production giving rise to a growing population in agricultural societies.
• Feudal Society


  Is based on the ownership of land. Its members are organized based on status which consists of higher class/ruler (people who own land), vassal /follower (granted a right to manage a land), and peasants (workers who cultivate the land and tend the animals in exchange of military protection).
• Industrial Society


  Is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services. The emergence of new production and industrial methods along with innovations in transportation and communication are results from the advances of science and technology in the late 18th century.
• Post-industrial Society


  Emerged by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services.