Cat Lab Practical

• Trachea


  Windpipe, intake of Oxygen, Air Tube
• Lungs


  • Gas exchange
• Diaphragm


  • Below the heart and lungs, strong broad muscle, when inhaling and exhaling, helps the uptake of oxygen
• Omentum


  Epithelial serous membrane, hugs everything
• Esophagus


  Food Tube, behind the trachea, pops the food into the stomach
• Stomach


  • Peristalsis, gets contracted and relaxed by the food using rhythmicity
• Rugae


  • Expand and increase the surface area of the stomach
• Pancreas


  • Has a dual function: secretes insulin (endocrine), secretes lots of digestive enzymes (digestive)
• Small intestine

  Nutrient absorption
• Mesentery

  Loaded with blood vessels getting the nutrients out of the chyme into the blood
• Chyme

  Broken down food
• Bile

  Produced by liver and sent to the gallbladder to break down fat, also detoxifies substances, stored by gallbladder
• Large Intestine

  • The chyme is pushed in and it removes the excess water, when sick, adds more water
• Liver


  • Detoxifies everything (chemicals) that goes in, breaks down molecules, when it can't process it turns to fat, only organ that can regenerate
• Spleen


  • Blood reservoir, helps with immunity and thymus, you can live without your spleen
• Heart/Vessels


  • Have 4 chambers, Arteries carry oxygen blood away from the heart, Veins carry low oxygen back to the heart, Ascending going up towards the head, Descending going down toward the abdomen and legs, Vena Cava part of superior, Aorta leaving the heart, the most oxygen
• Kidneys


  Organ of filtration, eventually produce urine
• Ureters


  Travels vena
• Urinary Bladder


  Holding tank for urine
• Trachea


  Airway of the respiratory system
• Esophagus


  Pushes food via peristaltic action into the stomach
• Thymus gland


  Found just above the heart, part of the lymphatic system, produces antibodies for immunity
• Diaphragm


  A broad, thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, the most important muscle for breathing, permitting inhalation and exhalation
• The aorta, posterior vena cava, and the esophagus pass through the diaphragm
• Liver


  CHO, lipid, and protein metabolism, stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins A, D, and B12, filters the blood, removes toxins from the blood, produces bile
• Gall bladder


  Pear shaped sac, stores bile, and contracts to release it into the small intestine
• Stomach


  Digestive organ that breaks down food
• Small intestine


  Receives secretions from the pancreas and the liver, it completes the digestion of the nutrients in chime, absorbs the products of digestion, and transports the residues to the large intestine
• Mesentery


  Double fold of peritoneal membrane which supports the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the intestinal wall
• Large intestine


  Absorbs water and electrolytes from chyme remaining in the canal, forms and stores feces
• Omentum


  Peritoneal membrane that drapes like an apron from the stomach over the colon and the folds of the small intestine
• Pancreas


  Produces and secretes pancreatic juice, containing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions, into small intestine, also produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar
• Spleen


  Large lymphatic organ, blood reservoir, filters blood, macrophages that engulf and destroy foreign particles/immunity
• Kidneys


  Urinary system organs, filtration, urine formation
• Urinary bladder


  Holding area for urine
• Adrenal gland


  Part of the endocrine system, secretes epinephrine and norepinehphrine
• Heart


  Muscular pump organ of the cardiovascular system
• Vena cava


  Largest vein, carries blood low in oxygen back to the heart
• Aorta


  Largest artery, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Jugular vein


  Drains the blood low in oxygen from the head and neck and returns this blood to the heart via the vena cava