21st

• 21st Century Literature facilitates the understanding and analysis of literary texts in various genres across culture
• Quarters of 21st Century Literature

  • Quarter 1/3 | Philippine Literature
  • Quarter 2/4 | World Literature
• 21st Century Literature


  Range of years | 2001 to present
• Many famous books like Harry Potter series were converted into movies
• Some books were written in simple English and works of old writers were translated into language that was easier to understand
• Mythology was converted into graphic novel form to build interest among young readers
• Books on wars, guides for exams, myths, etc were frequent sellers in this decade
• Most of the themes deals with current themes or situations and reflect technological culture
• This period is the emerging of different genre like IM (Instant Messaging), Blog format books, Digi-fiction, Manga, Doodle, Graphic novels/illustrated
• Our forefathers already had their literature, which reflected in their customs and traditions
• They had their alphabet even before they had colonized
• Our unique geographic location is the reason why we are rich
• Literature


  Anything and everything that reproduces life experiences
• Philippine Literature


  Diverse and it has a rich group of works that evolved side by side with the country's history
• Philippine Literature started with fables, legends
• Main theme focused on pre-colonial cultural traditions and the socio-political histories of the colonial and contemporary traditions
• Ancient Filipinos were animistic (worships nature). They believed in Anitos, Diwatas, good spirits, and bad spirits
• Literatures were handed down to us through the word of the mouth
• Sources are usually the local native town folk
• Characteristics of Pre-Colonial Literature

  • Folk Tales
  • Epic Age
  • Folk Songs
  • Riddles
  • Sayings
  • Chants
  • Myths
• There were at least 16 Different ancient writing systems used during the pre-colonial period
• Riddles (Bugtong)


  Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen observation of the surroundings
• Proverbs (Salawikain)


  Statements of practical wisdom based on long experience and observations about life
• Idioms (Sawikain)


  Widely used saying/expression containing figurative meaning that differs from the phrase's literal meaning
• Folk Songs (Katutubong-awit)


  Mirrored the early forms of culture and inspired by the region of the people to their environment
• Chants (Bulong)


  Used in witchcraft or enchantments
• Epics (Epiko)


  Long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements of event, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length
• Myths


  Stories told in an ancient culture to explain a practice, belief or natural occurrence
• Legends


  Deals mainly with the origin of local phenomena or happenings, origin of places, plants, animals, things, and names
• Fables


  Deals with animals and inanimate beings made to speak and act like rational beings and teaching morals
• Folk Tales (Kwentong bayan/katutubong kwento)


  Made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor where one can derive lessons
• The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Spanish (Roman) alphabet called abecedario
• Ancient literary types were collected and translated to Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Waray and other major dialects
• Many grammar books were printed in different tongues like Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, etc.
• The Spanish language traditionally called Castillan which became the literary language during this time, lent many of its words to our present-day Filipino language
• Religious Literature


  Literature that is based on religion
• Secular Literature


  Literature that is NOT based on religion
• Prose


  A form of literature, having ordinary language and sentence structure
• Poetry


  A form of literature, which is aesthetic by nature, i.e. it has a sound, cadence, rhyme, metre, etc., that adds to its meaning
• Prose writing during the Spanish period was chiefly known as "Church Literature"