Reproduction

• What process defines sexual reproduction?

  Fusion of male and female gametes
• Which type of cell division is integral to sexual reproduction?

  Meiosis
• Which type of cell division characterizes asexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• What is the fundamental outcome of meiosis?

  Four daughter cells with single chromosome set
• What are the human sex chromosomes for females?

  XX
• What are the human sex chromosomes for males?

  XY
• How do daffodils reproduce asexually?

  Bulb division
• How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?

  Runners
• What is the name of the genetic material in cells?

  DNA
• What is DNA molecularly?

  Polymer of nucleotide chains
• What three components comprise a nucleotide?

  Sugar, phosphate, and a base
• What structural arrangement describes a DNA molecule?

  Double helix of complementary strands
• What is a gene's primary function?

  Code for amino acid sequence
• How many bases code for one amino acid?

  Three
• Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

  Thymine
• Which base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

  Guanine
• What is the crucial role of non-coding DNA?

  Control gene expression
• What are alleles?

  Different forms of the same gene
• What is the defining characteristic of a recessive allele?

  Needs two copies to be expressed
• What is the defining characteristic of a dominant allele?

  Always expressed, even with one copy
• What is a genome?

  Entire genetic material of an organism
• What does homozygous mean?

  Two of the same alleles present
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Two different alleles present
• Where are proteins made in the cell?

  Ribosomes
• What type of allele causes polydactyly?

  Dominant allele
• What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

  Recessive allele
• How many chromosomes are in normal human body cells?

  23 pairs
• What is the primary purpose of meiosis in organisms?

  To produce gametes