General AO1

• What are the basic approaches in humanistic approach


  -focuses on conscious experience (thoughts and feelings) rather than behaviours

  -on personality responsibility and free will rather than on determinism

  -on discussion of experience rather than on experimental method

  -the HA rejects the scientific method for studying humans
• What does the humanistic theory empahsise

  -that people have full conscious control over their own destiny.

  -however we are subjected to many other forces including biological and societal influences

  -however humanistic psychologists believe that human beings are able to make significant personal choices within the constraints imposed by those forces
• What did Maslow call the humanistic approach


  -the third force with behaviourism and the psychodynamic approach being the other two

  -unlike psychoanalysts maslow was not interested in what went wrong with people but rather he was interested in what could go right with them
• Outline the hierarchy of needs


  -most basic psychological needs are at the bottom and more advanced at the top

  -each level must be fulfilled before a person can move up to a higher need

  -Maslow believed the more basic the need the more powerfully it is experienced and therefore cannot be ignored
• What is the order from BOTTOM UP of the hierarchy of needs needs

  -physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualisation
• What are some examples of physiological needs


  -breathing food water homeostasis and sex
• What are some examples of safety


  -security of body employment family and health
• What are some examples of love/belonging


  -friendship family sexual intimacy
• what are some examples of esteem


  -confidence achievement respect of and by others
• what are some examples of self actualisation


  -morality, creativity, problem solving, lack of prejudice
• Define self actualisation


  -a concept regarding the process by which an individual reaches his or her full potential
• what did Maslow find about those who attained self actualisation


  -they tended to be creative, accepting of people and had an accurate perception of the world around them.

  -Maslow believed that such individuals experienced SA in the form of peak experiences.

  -These are moments of extreme inspiration and ecstasy during which they felt able to leave behind all doubts fears and inhibitions