Contraception

• State the hormonal type of contraception:

  Oral contraception
• State 2 benefits of using oral contraception

  • More than 99% effective if taken correctly
  • Reduces the risks of certian cancers
• State 2 risks of using oral contraception

  • Possible side effects (e.g changes in weight and mood)
  • Contain less oestrogen
• State the 5 non-hormonal methods of contraception:

  • Physical barrier methods (Condoms or diaphragms)
  • IUD (Coil)
  • Spermicidal agents
  • Abstaining from intercourse when the egg may be in the oviduct
  • Surgical methods of male/female sterilization (E.g Vasectomy)
• What does having the coil prevent?

  The implantation of an embryo or release of a hormone
• What do spermicidal agents do?

  Kill or disable spern
• What happens in a Vasectomy? (Surgical method of sterilization)

  Where the sperm ducts are cut and tied
• State one benefit and one risk of using a condom

  • Quick and easy to use
  • May tear or rip
• State a disadvantage of using a diaphragm

  Have to be left in several hours after sex
• State one benefit and one risk of using an IUD (Coil)

  • Can remain in position for up to 10 years
  • Small risk of causing an ectopic pregnancy
• State one benefit and one risk of using a spermicidal agent

  • Can be added to other physical barrier methods
  • Some people can have allergic reactions
• State one benefit and one risk of abstaining from intercourse

  • Can be used successfully
  • High chance of pregnancy if timings are not right
• State a risk of using a surgical method

  Cannot be reversed and is considered permenant
• State 3 benefits of using IVF

  • Allows people to have babies of their own due to a variety of reasons
  • Unused eggs can be used for research or donated to other couples
  • Embryos can be screened for genetic diseases which can be important for families that already have an affected child and only unaffected embryos are used
• State 3 disadvantages of using IVF

  • Possibility of multiple births, which is dangerous for the mother and babies
  • Success rates are not high
  • Side effects from the drugs used, such as hot flushes and severe headaches
• What are some ethical concerns that people have about IVF?

  • They are concerned that couples may want 'designer babies' with 'desirable' qualities, only wanting fertilized eggs
  • Embryos that are not used may be destroyed, which some people consider embryos to be new lives and view their destruction as unethical