Models and Theories Hard

• What aspects of employee motivation are mentioned?

  • Commitment to tasks
  • Creativity in tasks
  • Cooperation during change
  • Retention rates
  • Labour turnover rates
• How does motivation affect productivity?

  It can influence productivity but is not guaranteed
• What are the three states of mind identified by Herzberg?

  • Motivated (or satisfied)
  • Not motivated (or not satisfied)
  • Demotivated (or dissatisfied)
• What are hygiene factors according to Herzberg?

  Aspects preventing employee dissatisfaction
• What do hygiene factors focus on?

  Extrinsic elements of work
• What happens if hygiene factors are wrong?

  They can lead to employee dissatisfaction
• What motivates employees according to Herzberg?

  Intrinsic factors related to the job itself
• What are the intrinsic motivators identified by Herzberg?

  • Opportunities for responsibility
  • Advancement
  • Achievement
  • Personal growth
• What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Levels of needs motivating individuals
• How does Maslow's work relate to employee motivation?

  It depends on their level in the hierarchy
• What are the levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

  1. Physiological needs
  2. Security needs
  3. Social (belonging) needs
  4. Ego (esteem) needs
  5. Self-actualisation needs
• What is the role of managers regarding self-actualisation needs?

  They can delegate responsibility to employees
• How can managers meet ego needs?

  By recognizing and praising employees' work
• What do social needs entail according to Maslow?

  The need to be part of a group or team
• How can managers fulfill security needs?

  By offering full-time employment or contracts
• What fulfills physiological needs according to Maslow?

  Basic pay for essentials
• How do Taylor's and Maslow's theories relate?

  • Taylor focused on lower hierarchy needs
  • Maslow's theory includes higher-level needs
  • Both address employee motivation
• Who is the founder of Scientific Management?

  F.W. Taylor
• What is the main approach of Taylor's Scientific Management?

  To develop the 'one best way' to complete tasks
• How do managers use data in Taylor's approach?

  To develop clear policies and procedures
• What happens if employees produce less than the target in Taylor's model?

  They need additional training
• What is the basis of pay in Taylor's model?

  Output per employee (piece-rate)
• What should students consider regarding changes at work and motivation?

  • Impact on motivation varies by context
  • Changes can affect productivity differently
  • Consider employee responses to changes
• What does Elkington's Triple Bottom Line emphasize?

  Different business objectives beyond profit
• What does the Triple Bottom Line measure?

  Finances, environmental impact, social responsibility
• What is the significance of measuring all three areas in the Triple Bottom Line?

  It influences employee behavior and performance
• What is a challenge in implementing the Triple Bottom Line?

  Measuring impact on planet and people
• What are the five forces in Porter's model?

  1. Degree of rivalry
  2. Buyer power
  3. Supplier power
  4. Entry threat
  5. Substitute threat
• What does intense rivalry in an industry lead to?

  Lower prices and reduced profits
• How does buyer power affect businesses?

  It can push down prices and profits
• What happens when supplier power is high?

  Suppliers can increase prices, reducing profits
• What is the effect of an easy entry threat in an industry?

  It drives down profits due to competition
• What is a substitute in Porter's model?

  A product that performs the same function
• How can students avoid confusion between supplier and buyer power?

  Define the industry clearly
• What factors influence industry profitability according to Porter?

  • Degree of rivalry
  • Buyer power
  • Supplier power
  • Entry threat
  • Substitute threat
• What are the strategic options in the Ansoff matrix?

  1. Market penetration
  2. Market development
  3. New product development
  4. Diversification
• What is market penetration in the Ansoff matrix?

  Selling more existing products to current customers
• What does market development involve?

  Targeting new customer segments with existing products
• What is the risk associated with new product development?

  Many new products fail to reach the market
• Why is diversification considered risky?

  It involves new products and markets