2 reasons why using a lower temperature is beneficial for the environment
less CO2 emissions and less energy used/wasted
Functional groups = The part of the molecule / a group of atoms responsible for the characteristics reactions of a compound
Molecules with the same functional groups react in a similar way
Homologous series - a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Functional groups determine the pattern of reactivity of a homologous series, whereas the carbon chain length determines physical properties such as melting/boiling point.
Empirical formula – the simplest while number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
Molecular formula – the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Structural formula – shows how the atoms are arranged
Display formula – the relative positioning of atoms and the bond between them.
Skeletal formula – the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just the carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
Nomenclature rules
Nomenclature rules are used to name elements and compounds based on their chemical formulas.
identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
number the C atoms from the end of the molecule so that all the substituents are on the lowest possible numbered carbon.
