electron structure

• silicon will have the greatest increase of ionisation energy between the 4th and 5th I.E. as there is only 4 electrons in outer shell
• An orbital is a region in space where one is likely to find an electron.
• Orbitals can hold up to two electrons as long as they have opposite spin; this is known as Paulis exclusion principle
• s

  spherical

  one in every principal level

  p

  dumb-bell

  three in levels from 2 upwards

  d

  various

  five in levels from 3 upwards

  f

  various

  seven in levels from 4 upwards