SHE task 1

• Genomics 

  The study of genomes (all the genetic material contained in a cell/organism). Includes DNA in nucleus, mitochondria & chloroplasts
• Proteomics 

  Branch of microbiology. Large scale study of proteomes (sets of proteins / the entire protein content of a cell) produced in an organism or system.  
• Bioinformatics 

  The science of researching, collecting and analysing complex biological data such as genetic codes (genomics). Mathematical and computing techniques/approaches used to glean and understanding of biological processes. 
• Comparative genomics involves the comparison of genomes between different organisms to understand their genetic similarities and differences
• Comparative biochemistry involves the comparison of biochemical processes and molecules (e.g., proteins, enzymes, metabolic pathways) between different organisms.
• Bioinformatics involves the application of computational tools and techniques to analyze biological data, including genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data.
• Genomics is the study of the entire genome of an organism, including its structure, function, evolution, and interaction with the environment.
• Genome Sequencing**: The process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome.
• Comparative Genomics**: Comparative analysis of genomes from different species to understand evolutionary relationships, genetic variation, and adaptation.

    
• Genomic studies help identify genetic factors contributing to diseases and disorders, leading to advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
• Proteomic studies help identify potential drug targets and pathways for therapeutic intervention.
• Bioinformatics is the interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data, particularly genomic and proteomic data.

   
• **: Bioinformatics tools are used to analyze DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, identifying genes, regulatory elements, and protein functions.
• Bioinformatics approaches enable the analysis of genomic and proteomic data for personalized diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
• Comparative biochemistry involves the study of biochemical processes and molecules (e.g., proteins, enzymes, metabolic pathways) across different organisms to understand evolutionary relationships and adaptations.
• Comparative biochemistry provides evidence for evolutionary relationships between species and insights into the molecular basis of adaptation and speciation.
• restriction enzymes producing blunt ends are non-specific
• advantage of enzymes producing blunt ends: fragments can join with any other blunt end fragment
• enzymes that produce sticky ends are specific
• advantage of enzymes that produce sticky ends: fragments can join effectively with a desired fragment that is cut with the same restriction enzyme. they can produce specific products at a faster rate
• DNA ligase: catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds
• taq polymerase = thermus aquaticus
• primers: single stranded molecule of DNA or RNA that attatches to a DNA fragment that the experimenter wishes to amplify to signal to DNA polymerase where to begin adding dNTP's
• restriction sites are between 4-8 base pair lengths
• micropipettes: tools that are used to dispense small amounts of samples into PCR tubes or into the wells of gel electrophoresis
• genome: all of an organisms genetic information (DNA that makes up the genes on chromosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts
• ethidium bromide is used to dye DNA in gel electrophoresis
• a fluorescent DNA-binding dye is used in gel electrophoresis to bind to the DNA samples which can then be viewed in bands under UV light