Science

• Reproductive system


  Biological system made up of all anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction
• Types of reproductive system

  • Male
  • Female
• Male reproductive system


  Produces male gametes (sperm cells) and transfers them to the female
• Female reproductive system


  Produces female gametes (egg cells or ova) and carries the baby throughout its development
• Parts of male reproductive system

  • Vas deferens
  • Urethra
  • Penis
  • Glands
  • Foreskin
  • Seminal vesicle
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Prostate gland
  • Cowper's gland
  • Epididymis
  • Testes
  • Scrotum
• Testes


  • Responsible for making testosterone and producing sperm cells
  • Part of the endocrine system
• Epididymis


  Long tube that carries, stores and brings sperm to maturity
• Vas deferens


  Tube that transports mature sperm to the urethra for ejaculation
• Ejaculatory duct


  Formed by fusion of vas deferens and seminal vesicles
• Urethra


  Passageway for urine and semen
• Seminal vesicle


  Produces fructose-rich fluid that nourishes and energizes sperm
• Prostate gland


  Walnut-like structure that adds fluid to nourish sperm
• Cowper's/Bulbourethral gland


  Produces fluid to lubricate and neutralize acidity in urethra
• Parts of female reproductive system

  • Ovary
  • Fimbriae
  • Fallopian tube
  • Endometrium
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
• Ovary


  Site of oogenesis (egg cell production) and production of hormones estrogen and progesterone
• Fimbriae


  Picks up egg cell from ovary
• Fallopian tube


  Site of fertilization, passage from ovary to uterus
• Endometrium


  Nourishes embryo, sheds during menstruation
• Uterus


  Site of egg implantation
• Cervix


  Muscular opening of uterus
• Vagina


  Entrance of penis, birth canal
• Females have two ovaries that alternate each month to produce one egg
• Ovaries contain 400,000 egg cells but only around 400 mature, starting at puberty until menopause
• Egg cell is very large compared to sperm cell
• Pathway of egg cell

  1. Ovary

  2. Fimbriae

  3. Fallopian tube

  4. Uterus
• Pathway of sperm cell

  1. Vagina

  2. Cervix

  3. Uterus

  4. Fallopian tube
• Hormones


  Chemical messengers of the body that maintain homeostasis
• Examples of hormones


  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone
• Pituitary gland


  Master gland of the endocrine system, directs all other endocrine glands
• FSH


  Follicle stimulating hormone, signals sperm production in males, egg cell development in females
• LH


  Luteinizing hormone, stimulates testosterone production in males, estrogen and progesterone production in females
• Testosterone


  Most important male hormone, regulates sex differentiation, male characteristics, sperm production and fertility
• Estrogen


  Responsible for female sex characteristics, prepares body for potential pregnancy
• Progesterone


  Produced by ovaries after ovulation, prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg
• Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotes do not.
• Cells can be classified based on their shape (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) and function (animal, plant, fungi).
• The three main types of cells are plant, animal, and bacteria.