DEVC 50 EXAM

Cards (203)

  • Scientific methods:
    • observing
    • hypothesizing
    • inferring
    • interpreting
  • Ancient science
    • cosmo-centric
    • logocentric
    • what are the fundamental stuff that makes up the universe
  • Medieval science
    • dark days of philosophy (theology or philosophy?)
    • theocentric
    • God created everything
  • Post-Modern science
    • Heidegger- language is the house of being
    • pluralistc age
  • Science is the systematic pursuit of reliable knowledge about natural phenomena and the social world
  • Science is organized and dependable
  • Technology is the collection of knowledge is distinguished from its application to the solution of practical knowledge
  • Technology is the art of knowing how
  • Science is the art of knowing
  • six ways of knowing and their limitations
    • tradition or tenacity
    • intuition
    • authority
    • rationalism
    • empiricism
    • science
  • Science is a social process in two respects:
    (a) the fruits of scientific research affect social life profoundly in modern societies
    (b) the process of conducting scientific research is a collective (not solitary) pursuit.
  • Tradition or Tenacity
    • relies on what has been established or claimed before (time-tested results)
  • tradition or tenacity
    • methods are based on practical life experiences
  • tradition or tenacity
    • undermines the fact that situations may change and there are different solutions to each particular phenomenon
    • established truth only applies for a particular phenomenon
  • intuition
    • derives truth simply through introspection and immediate awareness
  • intuition
    • the brain draws on principles
  • intuition
    • beginning of knowledge
    • claim of truth lacks proof
  • principles
    • past experiences and external cues to draw conclusions
  • authority
    • assumes that whatever the expert on the specific discipline says is true is the truth
  • rationalism
    • based on reason and common sense
    • what is logical must be true
    • what at first may seem logical may turn out to be merely a social/cultural convention
  • empiricism
    • also uses reason and common sense, but also adds evidence that can be systematically observed through the senses
    • not all phenomena can be observed
  • science/scientific method
    • combines the use of reason, logic and empirical evidence in a systematic manner to draw out a conclusion
  • static science
    • discover new facts, contributes to systemized information
  • dynamic science
    • problem solving
  • steps of the scientific method:
    1. Observe a phenomenon
    2. Ask questions about the observation and gather information
    3. Form a hypothesis
    4. Test the hypothesis in an experiment that can be repeated
    5. Analyze the data and draw conclusions: accept, reject or modify the hypothesis accordingly.
    6. reproduce the experiment until there are no discrepancies.
  • Characteristics of science:
    • empirical
    • Operational
    • Propositional
    • Problem solving
    • Public
    • Tends toward a closure but open ended
    • Ongoing
  • scientific rules ensure:
    • reliability
    • repeatability
    • testability
    • objectivity of results
  • True science:
    Focuses on the natural world
  • True science:
    Aims to explain the natural world
  • True science:
    Uses testable ideas
  • true science:
    Relies on evidence
  • true science
    Involves the scientific community
  • true science:
    Benefits from scientific behavior
  • Scientific knowledge is dynamic and ever-changing
  • Science is not a solitary pursuit
  • francis bacon
    father of the scientific method
  • francis bacon employed the practical applications of science and the practical methods of acquiring scientific knowledge
  • nicolaus copernicus popularized heliocentrism through his works
  • nicolaus copernicus wrote de revolutionibus orbium coelestium
  • de revolutioibus orbium coelestium (on the revolutions of the celestial spheres)