LESSON 2 ETECH

• World Wide Web (WWW)


  A system that connects computers and allows information to be shared
• Introduction of the World Wide Web and internet

  • Made great breakthroughs in the field of information sharing and communication
  • Helped connect people miles away from each other
• The advances carried drawbacks wherein the issue of safety, security, and ethics of the consumers are compromised
• Common Issues and Crimes on the Internet

  • Cyberbullying
  • Hacking
  • Identity Theft
  • Plagiarism
  • Intellectual Property Rights and Copyright Issues
• Online Ethics


  Focuses on the acceptable use of online resources in an online environment
• Netiquette


  Combination of "net (internet) and "etiquette" (netiquette). Focuses on the acceptable behavior of the person while using the internet source
• Core Rules of Netiquette

  • Remember the Human
  • Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
  • Know where you are in cyberspace
  • Respect other people's time and bandwidth
  • Make yourself look good online
  • Share expert knowledge
  • Help keep flame wars under control
  • Respect other people's privacy
  • Don't abuse your power
  • Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
• Spreadsheet


  A computer application for computation, organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form
• Microsoft Excel


  A spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications.
• Basic Parts of Microsoft Excel

  • Active Cell
  • Column
  • Row
  • Fill Handle
  • Address Bar
  • Formula Bar
  • Title Bar
  • File Menu
  • Quick Access Toolbar
  • Ribbon
  • Worksheet Tab
  • Status Bar
• Worksheet


  • Made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a formula, or text. It also has an invisible draw layer, which holds charts, images, and diagrams.
• Workbook


  • A separate file just like every other application has. Each workbook contains one or more worksheets.
• Cell


  • The smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. You can enter your data into a cell either by typing or by copy-paste.
• Active Cell


  A cell that is currently selected. It will be highlighted by a rectangular box and its address will be shown in the address bar.
• Cell components and terms

  • Cell Value
  • Active Cell
  • Cell Address
  • Cell Range
• Column


  • A vertical set of cells. A single worksheet contains 16384 total columns. Every column has its own alphabet for identity, from A to XFD.
• Rows


  • A horizontal set of cells. A single worksheet contains 1048576 total rows. Every row has its own number for identity, starting from 1 to 1048576.
• Fill Handle


  A small dot present in the lower right corner of the active cell. It helps you to fill numeric values, text series, insert ranges, insert serial numbers, etc.
• Formula Bar


  An input bar, below the ribbon. It shows the content of the active cell and you can also use it to enter a formula in a cell.
• Worksheet Tab


  Shows all the worksheets which are present in the workbook.
• Parts of a Formula


  • Functions
  • References
  • Constants
  • Operators
• Function


  A predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order.
• Productivity tool


  A freeware or shareware. Freeware is copyrighted, can be used for free and for an unlimited time. Shareware is a commercial software that is copyrighted, can be copied for trial but needs to be purchased for continued use.
• Parts of a Function

  • Syntax
  • Equal Sign
  • Function Name
  • Argument
• Microsoft Office


  A productivity tool developed by Microsoft which includes Word Processing, Electronic Spreadsheet, Presentation Software, Access and Publisher
• Working with Arguments


  Arguments must be enclosed in parentheses. Individual values or cell references inside the parentheses are separated by either colons or commas.
• Word


  Word Processing Software of Microsoft
• Colons


  Create a reference to a range of cells.
• Excel


  Electronic Spreadsheet Software of Microsoft
• Commas


  Separate individual values, cell references, and cell ranges in parentheses. If there is more than one argument, you must separate each argument by a comma.
• PowerPoint


  Presentation Software of Microsoft
• Creating basic function in Excel

  1. Select the cell where the answer will appear

  2. Type the equals sign (=), then enter the function name

  3. Enter the cells for the argument inside the parentheses

  4. Press Enter, and the result will appear
• Microsoft Word


  • Hyperlink - a link that will direct you to another page or part of the same document
  • Mail Merge - a tool that allows you to quickly produce and send information, newsletter, resume's, or brochures to many people
• Microsoft PowerPoint


  • Hyperlink
  • Slide Animation - a moving computer graphic effect that can be added to the text, object, or the entire slide itself
• Microsoft Excel


  • Formulas
  • Functions
• Types of functions in Excel

  • SUM()
  • SUMIF()
  • AVERAGE()
  • MAX() & MIN()
  • COUNT()
  • COUNTA()
  • IF()
  • AND & OR
• SUM()


  Performs the basic arithmetic operation of addition
• SUMIF()


  Conditionally sum cells
• AVERAGE()


  Finds an average, or arithmetic mean, of numbers
• MAX() & MIN()


  Get the largest and smallest value in a set of numbers, respectively