Crude oil

• Crude oil is the remains of plankton and other living material buried in mud millions of years ago
• Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes
• Crude oil is mixture of hydrocarbons
• Different groups of hydrocarbons are called fractions, the hydrocarbons in a fraction all have a similar number of carbon atoms
• Fractions are separated by using a process called fractional distillation

  
• Uses of fractions of crude oil?

  petrol

  diesel oil

  kerosene

  heavy fuel oil

  liquified petroleum gas
• What is the name of this substance below? (HO—CH2–CH2–OH)

  ethane diol

  
• Alkenes can be changed into alkanes at a very high temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen gas. What type of reaction is this?


  Addition reactions — hydrogenation
• In an addition polymerisation reaction, what must break to allow monomers to join together?


  double bonds
• Methane is produced by the decomposition of what?

  organic waste

  manure

  vegetables
• Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it combines irreversibly with haemoglobin in red blood cells, which prevents oxygen from binding to the haemoglobin.
• Carbon capture takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and ’stores’ it
• Examples of fossil fuel?

  crude oil

  natural gas

  coal
• For approximately 200 million years the proportions of different gases in the atmosphere have been much same as they are today