DNA

• DNA

  • The chemical inside the nucleus of the cell that carries the genetic instructions for making organisms.
  • called the blueprint of life
• Nucleic acid

  • LARGEST MOLECULE among the previous organic compounds and composed of several nucleotide subunits.
  • Functional group found in nucleic acid:
  • Amino acid structure
  • Phosphate group
• Nucleotides

  • BUILDING BLOCKS of NUCLEIC ACID
  • compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.
  • Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
• Pyrimides

  • a hydrophobic nitrogenous base similar to benzene (a six-membered ring) an d include cytosine, thymine, and uracil as bases used for DNA or RNA (ppt).
• Purines

  • a hydrophobic group of nitrogenous bases with 6-numbered rings that fuse in a 5-member ring in carbon and nitrogen.
• Sugars

  • DNA and RNA is made up of pentose or 5-carbon sugar
• PHOSPHODIESTER BOND

  • links the two (2) sugar of nucleic acid.
  • Ester bonds that form between sugar and phosphate to form the backbone of nucleic acids.
• DIRECTIONALITY

  • the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid.
• DNA Replication

  • process in which two strands of DNA separate and each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of complementary strands.
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

  • Information in the form of base sequence is transformed into mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
• mRNA (Messenger RNA)

  • Information in the form of base sequence is transformed into mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
  • Nucleus and cytoplasm

  tRNA (Transfer DNA)

  • Helps in transferring amino acids to the correct sequence in mRNA
  • Cytoplasm

  rRNA (Ribosomal Ribonucleic acid)

  • Structural components of ribosomes.
  • Ribosomes
• Genetic Code

  • the Instructions Contained In A Gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.
  • 64 codons are all written in the 5' to 3' direction. (61 codons code for Amino acids).
  • Protein synthesis begins with methionine in eukaryotes and formylmethionine in prokaryotes.
• Genetic Code Chart

  • language of instruction in the mRNA that is read using a combination of three letters at a time.
  • Stop Codons:
  • UAG
  • UGA
  • UAA
  • Start Codons:
  • AUG (Methionine)
• Codon

  • sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
• Proteins

  • Proteins aid in transporting molecules in our body and act as enzymes that break down the food we eat.
  • Collagen - supports the body and connects our muscles and bones together.
• Amino acids

  • building blocks of proteins.
  • required for the synthesis of body protein and other important nitrogen-containing compounds,