volcanoooo

• Vulnerability


  ability of a person to cope
• increases, greater risk


  As vulnerability _______, the population is at _______ of suffering from severe natural disaster
• situation, hazard


  Vulnerability is _____ specific and _____ specific.
• It is Situation specific


  geographic location (Macabebe - flooding)
• It is Hazard specific


  has potential to cause harm (Visayas, typhoon, Luzon - earthquake)
• higher, bigger


  _____ population density, _____ the area
• Rescuers, people with disabilities, pregnant women, Indigenous people, infants or children, patients etc.

  Most vulnerable in a disaster
• 1. Population density near a hazard event

  2. Capacity and Efficiency to Reduce Disaster Risk

  VULNERABILITY IN A DISASTER
• Population density near a hazard event


  number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of an area
• Population density near a hazard event


  if population density ishigh,it means that the number of individuals ishighbut the size issmall
• Capacity and Efficiency to Reduce Disaster Risk


  community that is less vulnerable has the capacity to reduce disaster risk because;

  1. provide accessibility

  2. can anticipate, adapt, and respond
• 1. Physical Vulnerability

  2. Socioeconomic Vulnerability

  - Social, Economic Vulnerability

  3. Environmental Vulnerability

  VULNERABILITY OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• Physical Vulnerability


  includes population density levels, place of settlement, the site design, and materials used (physical elements are severely damaged)
• Socioeconomic Vulnerability

  Social - inability of people, organizations, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards

  Economic - economic status of individuals, communities, nations
• Environmental Vulnerability


  caused by natural resource depletion and destruction
• Hazard


  harmful condition, substance, human behavior, or condition that can cause loss of life
• Exposure


  presenceof elements at risk or chance of being harmed
• Vulnerability


  characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset, that make it susceptible to hazards
• Risk


  probability of possible adverse effects

  (Risk = Hazards and Exposure x Vulnerability x Cost)
• Disaster


  serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society
• a) Physical Elements

  b) Population

  c) Essential Facilities

  d) Socio-Economic Aspects

  e) Transportation Facilities

  f) Economic Activities

  g) Lifelines

  h) Environmental Elements

  GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AT RISK
• Physical Elements


  elements at risk: buildings, monuments and cultural heritage
• Population


  elements at risk: density of population, distribution in space, time, age, gender, handicapped, and income
• Essential Facilities


  elements at risk: emergency shelters, schools, hospitals, fire bridges, police
• Socio-Economic Aspects


  elements at risk: organization of population and coomunity, governance, cultural heritage and traditions
• Transportation Facilities

  elements at risk: roads, railway, metro, public transportation
• Economic Activities


  elements at risk: spatial distribution of economic activities, input-output table, dependency
• Lifelines


  elements at risk: supplies, electricity, gas, telecommunications, telephone network, sewage system
• Environmental Elements


  elements at risk: ecosystems, protected areas, natural parks, etcs.
• Disaster Mitigation


  eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards with proactive measures taken before a disaster takes place
• Mitigation


  action of reducing something's severity, seriousness, painfulness
• Volcanic Hazards


  observable facts that arearising due to volcanic activitysuch as eruption
• 1. Ballistic Projectile

  2. Ash Fall or Tephra Fall

  3. Pyroclastic Flow

  4. Lava Flow

  5. Volcanic Gasses

  6. Debris Avalanche or Volcanic Landslide

  7. Tsunami


  VARIOUS VOLCANIC-RELATED HAZARDS
• Ballistic Projectile


  rock fragments that are ejected from volcano's mouth that are comparable to cannonballs (up to 5km or 3miles)
• Endanger life and property by

  - force of impact

  - loss of agricultural lands

  - producing fine grained particles in air and water (clogs)

  - carrying of noxious gasses, and acids, etc.

  What are the negative effects of Ballistic Projectile?
• Ash Fall or Tephra Fall


  are minute volcanic particles such as pulverized rock, minerals, and silicons which has fine to coarse grains
• - endanger life and property

  - kills organisms (land n water)

  - causes respiratory tract problems

  - ruins machines (industry n aircrafts)

  - can damage roofing and break power and communication lines


  What are the negative effects of

  Ash Fall or Tephra Fall?
• Pyroclastic Flow


  contains a highly-density mix of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash, and volcanic gasses
• - can destroy anything in its path by direct compact

  - burns sites

  - burns forests, farmlands, destroys crops & buildings


  What are the negative effects of Pyroclastic Flow?
• Lava Flow


  are streams of molten rorcks that are poured or oozed from an erupting vent