Acids, bases and salt preparations

• What is an Acid?


  Acids are soluble chemicals containing hydrogen. Acids dissolve in water, to produce positive hydrogen ions (H+ (aq)).
• What is a Base?


  Bases are substances that neutralise (pH 7) an acid to

  make salt and water.
• What is an Alkali?

  An alkali is a base that dissolves in water to form a solution containing hydroxide ions (OH- (aq)).
• What is Neutralisation?


  Neutralisation is a reaction in which an acid reacts with a

  base/alkali to make a salt and water.

  Neutralisation is observed using an indicator. Such as Universal indicator which would produce a green colour on neutralisation.
• Salt


  A salt is an ionic compound

  formed when a metal takes the

  place of a H+ ion in an acid.
• Soluble salt


  Salt that dissolves in water.
• Insoluble salt


  Salt that does not dissolve in water.
• Precipitate reaction


  A reaction that produces a solid product
• Solubility Rules


  common sodium, potassium and ammonium (NH4) compounds are soluble

  all nitrates are soluble

  common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II)

  common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II)

  common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and

  ammonium

  common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and

  calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)