OPPX

• Philosophy


  A way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society. It tries to answer important questions by coming up with answers about real things and asking "why?"
• Two kinds of wisdom

  • Divine wisdom
  • Human wisdom
• Divine wisdom


  The divine wisdom is a gift from God
• Human wisdom


  The quality of having an experience, knowledge, and good judgement; the quality of being wise
• Characteristics of human wisdom


  • From above
  • Pure
  • Peaceable
  • Gentle
  • Open to reason
  • Full of mercy
  • Impartial
  • Full of good fruits
• Knowledge


  Something we gain from experience
• Wisdom


  Deeper than knowledge. After gaining knowledge of something from an experience, a correct and right application of this knowledge must be done. Wisdom is the mother of morality.
• Greece is the birthplace of philosophy in the West
• Philosophers


  • Thales of Miletus
  • Pythagoras
  • Heraclitus
  • Diogenes of Sinope
  • Epicurus
  • Democritus
  • Socrates
  • Plato
  • Aristotle
• Holistic thinking


  Refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems
• Partial thinking


  Focuses on specific aspects of a situation
• Branches of philosophy


  • Logic
  • Philosophy of human person
  • Cosmology
  • Metaphysics
  • Ethics
  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
  • Psychology
  • Social philosophy
  • Theodicy
• Philosophy in everyday life

  • Direction
  • Reflection
  • Critical thinking
  • Problem solving
• Concepts related to truth

  • Knowledge
  • Facts
  • Claims
  • Doubt
  • Belief
  • Consensus
• Truth


  Knowledge validated, based on the facts of reality
• Opinion


  A view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge
• Theories of truth


  • Correspondence truth theory
  • Coherence truth theory
  • Pragmatist truth theory
• Methods of philosophizing


  • Dialectic method
  • Pragmatic method
  • Phenomenological method
  • Primary and secondary
  • Analytic method
• Kinds of fallacy


  • Ad hominem
  • Baculum
  • Misericordian
  • Populum
  • Tradition
  • Ignorantiam
  • Petitio principi
  • Hasty generalization
  • Cause and effect
  • Composition/division
  • Equivocation
• Kinds of bias


  • Correspondence
  • Confirmation
  • Framing
  • Hindsight
  • Conflict of interest
  • Cultural
• Deductive reasoning


  Top down logic: Conclusion, Main points, Generalization
• Inductive reasoning


  Bottom up logic: Generalization, Main points, Conclusion
• Terms related to human person

  • Man
  • Human
  • Human being
  • Person
  • Personhood
  • Human nature
• Environmental ethics


  A discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationships of human beings with the environment and its non-human contents
• Attribution of moral consideration

  • Anthropocentrism
  • Pathocentrism
  • Biocentrism
  • Ecocentrism
  • Aesthetics
• Theories in radical ecological philosophy

  • Deep ecology
  • Social ecology
  • Ecofeminism
• Causes of environmental crisis

  • Physical (natural, human-induced)
  • Legal
  • Socioeconomic
  • Attitudinal
• Branches of Philosophy


  • Logic
  • Philosophy of Human Person
  • Cosmology
  • Metaphysics
  • Ethics
  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
  • Psychology
  • Social Philosophy
  • Theodicy
• Logic


  The science of correct reasoning
• Philosophy of Human Person


  The science of study of man in relation to his own destiny, God, and to his fellowmen
• Cosmology


  The philosophical study of the origin and nature of the universe
• Metaphysics


  The science of being, reality, existence
• Ethics


  The science of morality of human act. Morality means the quality of an action whether it is right or wrong.
• Aesthetics


  The science of art and beauty
• Epistemology


  The science of the theory of knowledge
• Psychology


  The science of human behavior
• Social Philosophy


  A science of principles governing human relations
• Theodicy


  The science of the study of God