cells

Created by

emilia wood

Cards (30)

Cytoplasm - The jelly-like substance inside the cell where most chemical reactions occur.
Cell membrane - A thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm that regulates what enters or leaves the cell.
Nucleus - A membrane-bound structure that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls all activities within the cell.
mitochondria- where aerobic respiration takes place, where most of the energy is released
ribosomes- site of protein synthesis
cell wall- made of cellulose and supports the cell and strengthens it
vacuole- contains cell sap a weak solution of sugar and salts
chloroplasts- where photosynthesis occurs, which makes chlorophyll which absorbs light
bacteria cells are prokaryotes
bacteria cells dont have a nucleus- they have a singular circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
bacteria dont have chloroplasts or mitochondria
may contain small rings of DNA called plasmids
you can not view live specimens through an electron microscope
cell differentiation- the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its function
undifferentiated cells are often called stem cells
sperm cells are specialised for reproduction
nerve cells are specialised for rapid signalling
muscle cells are specialised for contraction
root hair cells are specialised for absorbing water and minerals
phloem and xylem cells are specialised for transporting substances
xylem transports water
phloem transports sugar
root hair cells are large surface area for absorbing
sperm has a long tail and a lot of mitochondria
chromosomes contain genetic material
chromosomes are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
each chromosomes carry a large number of genes
multicellular organisms use mitosis to grow or replace cells that have been damaged
mitosis ends in two identical daughter cells
cell growth & DNA replication:
DNA is spread out in long strings
cell grows and increases the amount of subcellular structures
it then duplicates its DNA- so there's only one copy for each new cell.