Genetic Inheritance

• Genome 


  The complete set of DNA found in an organism
• Codon 


  Group of 3 DNA bases
• Junk DNA 


  DNA that doesn’t code for a protein instead used as a safety mechanism to stop disease
• Mutation 


  Change in gene or chromosome
• Inherited disorders 


  Polydactyly and Cystic fibrosis
• Polydactyly


  Inherited condition

  Extra toes or fingers

  Caused by dominant allele

  (Child only has to inherit one faulty allele)
• Cystic fibrosis 


  Inherited condition

  Affects lungs and digestive system

  Caused by recessive allele

  (Child has to inherit two faulty alleles)
• Alleles 


  Different versions of the same gene
• Phenotype 


  Visble characteristics of an organism
• Genotype 


  Alleles that an organism has
• Alleles

  Dominant - always expressed only need one copy

  Recessive - only expressed if there are two copies and no dominant allele
• Homozygous 


  Identical alleles - AA or aa
• Heterozygous 


  Alleles are both different - Aa
• Biological sex chromosomes (Males)


  xy
• Biological sex chromosomes (Female)


  xx
• Punnet squares 


  Predict variations in breeding

  (Always put dominant allele first)