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• The modern world is divided into around 195 sovereign nation-states
• The Philippines is one of the 195 sovereign nation-states, and like most of these, it has its own distinct history, culture, government system, set of languages and a plethora of ethnolinguistic groups which make up its citizens
• Bangsamoro, an autonomous region in the south of the Philippines, can also claim these characteristics of a nation, state or nation-state
• Nation


  A group of people bound by their shared identity, who are living within the same geographical boundary
• Nationalism


  Sentiment of unified loyalty towards the nation
• State


  Political group characterized by sovereignty over a territory and authority over institutions
• State


  • It is sovereign and exercises absolute and unrestricted power
  • Its institutions are recognizably 'public', in contrast to the 'private' institutions of civil society
  • It is an exercise in legitimation as its decisions are usually accepted as binding on the members of society
  • It is an instrument of domination as state authority is backed up by coercion
  • It is a territorial association as its jurisdiction is geographically defined
• Prerequisites of statehood


  • There must be a people
  • There must be a territory in which the people is settled
  • There must be a government
  • There must be a sovereign government
• When the two concepts of "nation" and "state" are combined, the result is the concept of the "nation-state", which may be defined as a political community or association whose members consider themselves as belonging to a single nation
• Few states can be considered nation-states, since most states today include more than a single ethnocultural community within their sovereign territorial jurisdiction
• This activity aims to introduce the students to the basic concepts surrounding the topic of nations and states
• Activity: Nations vs Countries


  1. Ask the students to watch "Nations vs Countries" at their own time

  2. Ask them answer the following questions:

  3. Discuss the questions and their answers in class
• Nations


  Status of belongingness to a nation
• Ilustrados


  Members of the educated class that introduced ideals of nationalism
• The Philippines is an archipelago with some 7,100 islands. Because of its archipelagic nature, it is also culturally diverse, with some 110 ethnolinguistic groups, the largest ones being the Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Visayan, Hiligaynon, Bicolano, and Waray
• Some degree of unity among these diverse groups was imposed by the islands' colonizers: Spain from the early 16th to the end of the 19th century, and the United States in the first half of the 20th century. Nevertheless, these groups did not imagine themselves as forming one Filipino nation
• It was only towards the end of the Spanish colonial period when the idea of a Filipino nation was conceived in the minds of the illustrados
• The Propaganda Movement of the 1880's and 1890's was the period in which the Filipino people became fully aware that they were not merely Tagalogs, Visayans, and Ilocanos, not merely a people united under a common Spanish colonial rule, but one people with a common destiny of its own
• The revolution's goal was to establish the necessary conditions to carry out the project of constructing the political, social, and economic foundations needed by the Filipino people to secure and sustain an independent national existence
• The Americans promised to bring democracy and enlightened self-rule to the nation as they ironically dismantled the Aguinaldo government
• When the Americans granted independence to the Philippines after World War II, what it had created was a Philippine state organized along democratic lines. It had a government whose territorial sovereignty was recognized internationally. Filipino nationhood, however, remained an ongoing project
• Civic nation


  One in which Filipinos form a single nation via the commitment to pursue common goals and uphold a common set of civic and political institutions and values
• For most countries in Asia, including the Philippines, states preceded the consolidation of national identities as Western colonizers established governments to facilitate the governance of newfound territories
• The state could act as an agent of nation building through a civic education program that would aim to foster a sense of the common good that encompasses not just one's immediate family, town, or province, but the entire country
• The Philippines suffers from deep-seated and enduring social, economic, and political inequalities which present major obstacles to national unity
• Activity: Discussion


  1. What makes one a Filipino?

  2. How might the state endeavor to foster a sense of nationhood among the people within its territorial jurisdiction?

  3. How can ordinary citizens contribute to nation building?

  4. What are the challenges to the formation of a Filipino national identity?
• Activity: Filipinos and the Philippines

  1. Ask students to watch "Filipinos Lack Sense of Nationalism"

  2. Let them answer the following questions:

  3. Discuss the questions and answers in class
• One surprising idea of nationhood and state, one interesting idea on the nation and state, and one troubling idea on the discussed topics
• Ano ang layunin ng talumpati?


  Humikayat, tumugon, mangatwiran, magbigay ng kaalaman o impormasyon, at maglahad ng isang paniniwala.
• Ano ang kahulugan ng talumpati?


  Ang talumpati ay isang buod ng kaisipan o opinyon ng isang tao na pinapabatid sa pamamagitan ng pagsasalita sa entablado.
• Ano ang proseso ng pagtatalumpati?


  Isang paraan ng pagpapahayag ng ideya o kaisipan sa paraang pasalita na tumatalakay sa isang partikular na paksa.
• Ano ang kinakailangan para maging ganap na talumpati ang isang isinulat na talumpati?


  Dapat itong mabibigkas sa harap ng madla.
• Ano ang mga katangian ng talumpati?

  1. Kalinawan
  2. Kawastuhan
  3. Maikli
  4. Mapanghikayat
  5. Impormal na ugnayan
  6. Pagbibigay-pansin sa mga tagapakinig
  7. Malakas na tinig at malinaw na pagbigkas
  8. Kontroladong damdamin o emosyon
  9. Maayos na tindig at kumpas

  10. Angkop na kilos o galaw
• Bakit mahalaga ang kalinawan sa talumpati?


  Upang mahusay at klaro ang mensaheng ipararating sa mga tagapakinig.
• Ano ang ibig sabihin ng kawastuhan sa talumpati?


  Ang impormasyon ay kinakailangang wasto o tiyak at dapat magsaliksik nang mabuti.
• Bakit dapat maikli ang talumpati?


  Upang hindi maiinip ang mga tagapakinig at siksik pa rin sa kaalaman.
• Ano ang layunin ng mapanghikayat na talumpati?


  Upang makuha ang atensyon ng mga tagapakinig mula sa simula.
• Ano ang kahalagahan ng impormal na ugnayan sa talumpati?


  Upang mas maramdaman ng mga tagapakinig ang nais iparating.
• Bakit mahalaga ang pagbibigay-pansin sa mga tagapakinig?

  Dahil ang talumpati ay binibigkas sa mga tagapakinig, kaya dapat isaalang-alang ang kanilang mga katangian.
• Ano ang epekto ng malakas na tinig at malinaw na pagbigkas sa talumpati?


  Upang maging epektibo ang talumpati at maiparating ang mensahe.