Cardio Respiratoy pe

• The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube that carries air to and from the lungs.
• Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
• Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
• The heart has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles.
• The bronchi are the two main branches that the trachea divides into, leading to the right and left lungs.
• The heart is located between the lungs, behind the sternum (breastbone), and to the left side.
• The bronchi are two tubes that branch off from the trachea and lead into the left and right lungs.
• Bronchial tree refers to the network of smaller branches that divide further into even smaller passages within the lungs.
• Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary vein.
• Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery and enters the lungs.
• Alveoli are tiny sac-like structures where gas exchange occurs between the bloodstream and the atmosphere.
• The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood out of the heart through the pulmonary artery.
• The left side of the heart pumps blood out to the rest of the body (the systemic circulation).
• The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it back to the lungs (pulmonary circulation).
• The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart towards the lungs.
• The heart's electrical conduction system coordinates its contractions.
• The pulmonary vein carries oxygen-rich blood back to the heart from the lungs.
• The heart consists of four chambers - two atria and two ventricles.
• The superior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
• The heart pumps blood throughout the body, with deoxygenated blood entering from the vena cava and oxygenated blood leaving via the pulmonary artery.
• Blood is pumped back into the heart by the vena cava, which carries oxygenated blood from the body's tissues.
• The heart is divided into two sides - the right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body.
• The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood throughout the body.
• Blood is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle, then out of the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
• Vascular shunting


  Redistributes blood so there’s more oxygen to the muscles through vasodilation and vasoconstriction
• Vasodilation


  The widening of the internal arteries in active areas such as working muscles
• Vasoconstriction


  The narrowing of the internal arteries diameter in inactive areas like the digestive system
• Oxygen decreases

  As lactic acid increases as blood vessels dilate to allow more oxygen
• Plasma


  Insures oxygen transportation
• Platelets


  Rush to the site swell stick clot to stop blood loss and bacteria from entering
• White blood cells


  Protect from disease destroy pathogens enGulf bacteria. produce antibodies to attack bacteria
• Red blood cells


  Dome shape means larger surface area. Carry oxygen and contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen to form Oxy haemoglobin.
• Respiratory rate


  Breaths per minute
• Tidal volume


  Amount of air inspired and expired
• Vital capacity


  The greatest amount of air made to pass in and out
• Inhaling


  The pressure decreases and the volume increases the diaphragm flattens
• exhaling


  Pressure increases and volume decreases diaphragm curves
• Aerobic respiration


  Glocose + oxygen-> energy+ CO2+ water

  Long-term activity at a low intensity
• anaerobic respiration


  Glucose-> energy+ lactic acid

  High intensity short duration
• Oxygen debt


  The amount of O2 needed at the end of an activity to breakdown lactic acid