Cognitive Theories

• Long term memory: what is an episodic memory?

  these are memories personal to you
• Long term memory: what is a semantic memory?


  these are factual memories
• Long term memory: are episodic memories linked to a time?

  yes, they are linked to the time of which they occurred
• Long term memory: are semantic memories linked to a time?

  no
• Long term memory: what is time referencing?

  this is where a memory is linked to the time of which it occurred
• Long term memory: what is spatial referencing?

  this is where a memory is linked to the place of which the event happened
• Long term memory: are episodic memories experienced as a whole frame of temporal reference?

  yes
• Long term memory: are semantic memories experienced as a whole frame of temporal reference?

  no
• Long term memory: what can semantic memories be pieced together from?

  fragments learned at different times
• Long term memory: when retrieving an episodic memory what is this retrieval reliant on?

  the context, where and when the memory was initially imputed
• Long term memory: is the retrieval of semantic memories reliant on the context?

  no
• what theory can Godden + Baddeley be used to support?

  long term memory
• what did Godden + Baddeley find?

  participants who learned and were tested in the same place (land or sea) had better recall, this is called state dependent recall
• which case study supports the theory of long term memory?

  Patient KF
• Reconstructive memory: what is a schema?

  a "mental representation" which is built up through past experiences, providing a way of understanding future experiences
• Reconstructive memory: what did Bartlett study?

  Perception, imaging and remembering
• Working memory model: what is the central executive?

  the central executive decides how attention is directed and drives the system
• Working memory model: what are the three slave systems?

  the phonological loop, the visospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer
• Working memory model: what are the two sub stores within the phonological loop?

  the phonological store and the articulatory control system
• Working memory model: what is the role of the phonological loop?

  the phonological loop deals with auditory information
• Working memory model: what is the role of the phonological store?

  to store what you can hear
• Working memory model: what is the role of the articulatory control system?

  to allow maintenance rehearsal
• Working memory model: what is the role of the visuospatial sketchpad?

  to deal with visual and spatial matter, the distance something is from you, it's shape, size and colour
• Working memory model: what is the role of the episodic buffer?

  to maintain a sense of time sequencing
• which study can be used as evidence for the working memory model?

  Sebastian + Hernandez-Gill
• Which case study can be used to support the theory of the working memory model?

  Patient KF
• Multi store model: how is the sensory memory encoded?

  acoustically and visually
• Multi store model: what is the duration of the sensory memory?

  less than 1/2 a second
• Multi store model: what happens if the information is not paid attention to in the sensory memory?

  it will decay
• Multi store model: how is the short term memory encoded?

  acoustically
• Multi store model: what is the duration of the short term memory?

  15-30 seconds
• Multi store model: what happens to information in the short term memory if it is not rehearsed?

  it is forgotten
• Multi store model: what is the capacity of the short term memory?

  7-10 digits
• Multi store model: how are long term memories encoded?

  semantically
• Multi store model: what is the duration of the long term memory?

  potentially a lifetime
• Multi store model: what is the capacity of the long term memory?

  potentially unlimited
• what study can be used as evidence for the multi store memory model?

  Baddeley
• what case study can be used to support the multi store model of memory?

  Patient HM