Paper Chromatography

• What analytical technique is used to separate substances in a mixture?

  Chromatography
• What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

  To separate and identify substances in a mixture
• What type of chromatography is specifically mentioned in the video?

  Paper chromatography
• What is the first step in paper chromatography?

  Draw a baseline with a pencil
• Why is the solvent level kept shallow in paper chromatography?

  To avoid submerging the pencil line
• What happens to the different dyes during chromatography?

  They travel at different rates up the paper
• What is the pattern of spots left on the paper called?

  Chromatogram
• What are the mobile and stationary phases in chromatography?

  Mobile phase is the solvent; stationary phase is the paper
• How do the properties of substances affect their movement in chromatography?

  More soluble substances move faster in the mobile phase
• What does the rf value represent in chromatography?

  Ratio of distance traveled by substance to solvent
• If a pink substance traveled 6 cm and the solvent traveled 10 cm, what is the rf value?

  $0.6$
• What happens when a pure substance is used in chromatography?

  It produces a single spot on the chromatogram
• How can changing the solvent or paper affect chromatography results?

  It can change the appearance of the chromatogram
• What must a chemist consider when looking up an rf value?

  The solvent and type of paper used
• What are the steps involved in performing paper chromatography?

  1. Draw a baseline on filter paper.
  2. Add ink sample to the baseline.
  3. Prepare a shallow solvent in a beaker.
  4. Place the paper in the solvent without submerging the ink.
  5. Cover the beaker to prevent evaporation.
  6. Wait for the solvent to rise and separate the dyes.
  7. Remove the paper and let it dry to observe the chromatogram.
• What factors influence the movement of substances in chromatography?

  • Solubility of the substances in the solvent
  • Attraction of substances to the stationary phase
  • Time allowed for the experiment
• What is the significance of the rf value in chromatography?

  • It helps identify substances.
  • It is a ratio of distances traveled.
  • It varies with different solvents and papers.