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Paper 2
C9
The Evolution of the Atmosphere
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Cards (22)
What is the composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
About
80%
nitrogen
and
20%
oxygen
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What gases make up less than one percent of the Earth's atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
,
water vapor
, and
noble gases
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What role did volcanic activity play in the early atmosphere?
It created a
carbon dioxide-rich
atmosphere
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How did algae and plants affect atmospheric composition?
They reduced
CO2
and increased
oxygen
levels
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How long has the Earth been evolving?
About
4.6 billion
years
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Why is the evolution of the atmosphere considered a theory?
It is supported by evidence but not
definitive
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What was the early atmosphere of Earth mostly composed of?
Carbon dioxide
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What happened as water vapor condensed in the early atmosphere?
It formed oceans that dissolved
CO2
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What did dissolved carbon dioxide in oceans form?
Carbon
precipitates
and sediments
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When did algae begin to appear on Earth?
About
2.7 billion
years ago
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What process do algae and green plants use to produce oxygen?
Photosynthesis
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How did the evolution of photosynthesis impact atmospheric CO2 levels?
It
decreased
CO2
levels
over
time
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What happens to algae and green plants when they die?
They become buried and form
sediments
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What do sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels trap?
Carbon
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What determines the type of substance formed from buried organisms?
The type of organism and
conditions
involved
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What is coal primarily made from?
Dead
plant material
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What is limestone primarily made from?
Calcium carbonate
from
marine organisms
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What were the major changes in Earth's atmosphere over billions of years?
First billion years:
Volcanic activity
produced
CO2
Water vapor condensed to form
oceans
Algae and
green plants
evolved, reducing CO2 and increasing oxygen
Formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels from dead organisms
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What is the current major composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
Mostly
oxygen
and
nitrogen
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What is the significance of sedimentary rock and fossil fuels in relation to the atmosphere?
They trap
carbon
and prevent it from re-entering
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What is the main gas produced during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
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How did the evolution of life contribute to the current atmosphere?
Life forms reduced
CO2
and increased O2 levels
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