The Evolution of the Atmosphere

Cards (22)

  • What is the composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
    About 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen
  • What gases make up less than one percent of the Earth's atmosphere?
    Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and noble gases
  • What role did volcanic activity play in the early atmosphere?
    It created a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere
  • How did algae and plants affect atmospheric composition?
    They reduced CO2 and increased oxygen levels
  • How long has the Earth been evolving?
    About 4.6 billion years
  • Why is the evolution of the atmosphere considered a theory?
    It is supported by evidence but not definitive
  • What was the early atmosphere of Earth mostly composed of?
    Carbon dioxide
  • What happened as water vapor condensed in the early atmosphere?
    It formed oceans that dissolved CO2
  • What did dissolved carbon dioxide in oceans form?
    Carbon precipitates and sediments
  • When did algae begin to appear on Earth?
    About 2.7 billion years ago
  • What process do algae and green plants use to produce oxygen?
    Photosynthesis
  • How did the evolution of photosynthesis impact atmospheric CO2 levels?
    It decreased CO2 levels over time
  • What happens to algae and green plants when they die?
    They become buried and form sediments
  • What do sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels trap?
    Carbon
  • What determines the type of substance formed from buried organisms?
    The type of organism and conditions involved
  • What is coal primarily made from?
    Dead plant material
  • What is limestone primarily made from?
    Calcium carbonate from marine organisms
  • What were the major changes in Earth's atmosphere over billions of years?
    • First billion years: Volcanic activity produced CO2
    • Water vapor condensed to form oceans
    • Algae and green plants evolved, reducing CO2 and increasing oxygen
    • Formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels from dead organisms
  • What is the current major composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
    Mostly oxygen and nitrogen
  • What is the significance of sedimentary rock and fossil fuels in relation to the atmosphere?
    They trap carbon and prevent it from re-entering
  • What is the main gas produced during photosynthesis?
    Oxygen
  • How did the evolution of life contribute to the current atmosphere?
    Life forms reduced CO2 and increased O2 levels