organic chem

• What is organic chemistry primarily concerned with?

  Carbon compounds
• Why is it called organic chemistry?

  Because all living things are based on organic compounds
• What are hydrocarbons composed of?

  Hydrogen and carbon
• What is crude oil primarily made of?

  A mixture of hydrocarbons
• How is crude oil formed?

  From dead plankton buried in mud
• What are the two types of hydrocarbons?

  Alkanes and alkenes
• What are alkanes classified as?

  Saturated hydrocarbons
• Why are alkanes called saturated?

  Every carbon is filled with hydrogen
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• What are the names of the first four alkanes?

  Methane, ethane, propane, butane
• Why does crude oil need to be separated?

  To use individual fractions effectively
• What are some useful fractions of crude oil?

  Liquid petroleum gas, petrol, diesel
• How are hydrocarbons separated from crude oil?

  By their different boiling points
• What happens to longer hydrocarbons regarding intermolecular forces?

  They have stronger intermolecular forces
• What is the relationship between hydrocarbon length and boiling point?

  Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points
• What is fractional distillation used for?

  To separate different hydrocarbons
• How does fractional distillation work?

  By heating and condensing fractions at different levels
• What is viscosity?

  The thickness of a liquid
• Which hydrocarbons are more viscous?

  Longer hydrocarbons
• How does flammability vary among hydrocarbons?

  Shorter hydrocarbons are more flammable
• What is the general reaction for the combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• Why are shorter hydrocarbons in higher demand?

  They are used for fuels like petrol and diesel
• What process is used to convert longer hydrocarbons into shorter ones?

  Cracking