Endocrine

• DNA transcription


  The process of copying DNA sequence into RNA
• DNA translation


  The process of converting information in mRNA into sequence of amino acids in a protein
• Codon


  Each set of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA representing an amino acid or a start/stop signal
• Anticodon


  The complement of the mRNA; triplet code in the tRNA
• Genetic code


  Set of rules that specify the codons in DNA or RNA that corresponds to the amino acids in proteins
• Protein synthesis


  1. Transcription: DNA unzips, mRNA is made from DNA template

  2. Translation: mRNA goes to ribosome, tRNA brings amino acids, polypeptide chain formed
• Most of the DNA doesn't code for anything (only 2% of it code for protein)
• The DNA strand has a complementary RNA strand
• The mRNA doesn't copy the entire strand of DNA but only the code for the protein it wants, one at a time
• The DNA has START and STOP signals
• mRNA processing


  1. mRNA is edited, introns removed, exons spliced together

  2. 5' end capped, 3' end has poly-A tail
• Ribosome


  Protein making machine that reads mRNA code and brings in tRNA with correct amino acid
• tRNA


  Transfers the right amino acid to the ribosome to build a protein, has an anticodon to match a specific codon
• Transcription


  mRNA is made from DNA template
• Translation


  Ribosome reads mRNA and builds polypeptide chain using tRNA
• AUG is the start codon and UGA is the stop codon
• Genes are arranged from 1-4
• The DNA samples of the 3 tribes are transcribed to their complementary RNA strands
• The traits of the tribes are determined by translating the RNA sequences using a codon chart
• The 3 tribes found in Davao de Oro are Mandaya, Mansaka and Manobo
• Genetic code table is used to determine the amino acid sequence and phenotype of the organisms
• The DNA samples of the 3 tribes are transcribed to their complementary RNA strands to determine the phenotype
• The RNA samples are analyzed to determine the amino acid sequence and traits of each tribe
• Sketches or drawings of the tribes are made based on their determined traits