understand ionic bonding

• occurs when an atom of an element loses one or more electron and donates it to an atom of a different element
• the atom that loses electrons becomes positively charged and the atom that gains electrons becomes negatively charged
• this is due to an imbalance of protons and electrons
• ions containing more than one element can also be formed. for example, sodium hydroxide Na+ bonds with (OH)- ion
• opposite charges on ions are what hold them together, electrostatic attraction
• electrostatic attraction

  force experienced by oppositely charged particles, holds particles strongly together
• strength of electrostatic force and of the ionic bond is dependent on ionic charge and ionic radii of ions
• more electrons a positive ion has, then more shells it will have
• if an ion has more shells, then its radius will be bigger than an ions with fewer shells
• the electrostatic force is stronger when the ionic charge is higher
• when are ions formed

  when atoms lose or gain electrons
• Na - Na+ + e-

  sodium has one electron in outermost shell, needs to lose electron to become stable
• Cl + e- - Cl-

  chlorine needs to gain electron to become stable
• in ionic bonding, these electrons aren't just gained out of nowhere, they get transferred from an atom that has too many electrons to an atom that doesn't have enough
• big brackets got around the dot and cross diagram, with a positive for an atom that lost an electron and negative for atom that gained electron
• ionic compound

  formed when oppositely charged atoms are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces
• general rule

  electrons will always move from metal to non-metal
• chlorine on either side of the metal, magnesium, like it would be in real life