Plant

• Chloroplasts are only in plant cells, which contain chlorophyll and allow plants to carry out photosynthesis.
• The cell wall is only in a plant cell and is made up of cellulose, which gives the plant its shape.
• Vacuoles are only in plant cells, they store cell sap, containing sugars, amino acids, waste substances and mineral salts.
• Mitochondria produce energy through respiration.
• Ribosomes make proteins from amino acids.
• Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions and is where most of the cell's chemical reactions take place
• Nucleus is the control centre of the cell and contains the genetic material such as DNA
• Animal cells do not have a cell wall or a large central vacuole
• Plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with water and dissolved materials called cell sap
• Plant cell


  The functional basic unit of plants
• Cell wall


  • Surrounds the cell
  • Functions as a support skeleton
  • Determines the shape of the cell
  • Acts as a natural barrier against fungal infections
  • Composed of cellulose embedded in a net with other complex polysaccharides and proteins
  • Needs to be strong to withstand high osmotic pressure inside the cell
• Cytoplasm

  Liquid containing the nutrients, cytoskeleton, and organelles of a cell
• Nucleus


  • Stores the majority of the genetic information packed in DNA
  • Site of DNA replication and RNA transcription
• Nucleolus


  Produces and assembles ribosomes
• Ribosomes


  Free in cytoplasm and on rough ER, site of protein synthesis
• Chloroplasts

  Contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis
• Mitochondria


  Provide the energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions
• Vacuole


  • Large, water-filled organelle that can take up to 90% of the total cell volume
  • Maintains internal pressure and cell stability
  • Functions as a 'trash can' to digest waste
• Plant cells have a nucleus, a cell membrane, cytoplasm, a cell wall, chloroplasts, a vacuole, mitochondria and ribosomes