frustration aggression - social psychological

• frustration aggression hypothesis

  frustration always leads to some form of aggression and aggression is always the result of of frustration
• catharsis

  process of releasing strong emotions to produce relief - if attempt to achieve a goal is blocked by an external factor, frustration caused - creates aggressive drive leads to aggressive behaviour like violent outbursts - aggression created by frustration is satisfied - reduces drive making aggression less likely
• displacement

  source of aggression may be too abstract (economy), too powerful and we risk punishment or unavailable at the time - as result aggression may be displaced onto alternative (not abstract, is weaker and available like object or younger sibling)
• FRUSTRATION AGGRESSION EVALUATION - Pricks

  when Swedish football teams performed worse than fans expected more objects thrown onto pitch - supporters more likely to fight with opposition supporters when team performed worse than expected - suggests aggression increases when expectations of good performance are frustrated
• FRUSTRATION AGGRESSION EVALUATION - not all aggression arises from frustration

  frustration is only one unpleasant experiences including pain and extreme temperatures that can lead to aggression - Reifman found as temperature increased in baseball games pitchers aggression would also increase (throwing directly at the batters head) - problem led to development of revised frustration aggression hypothesis argues that negative feelings produced by any unpleasant experience triggers aggression
• FRUSTRATION AGGRESSION EVALUATION - evidence against catharsis reducing aggression

  Bushman - found behaving aggressively is likely to lead to more rather than less aggression in the future - also found aggressive behaviour kept aggressive thoughts and angry feelings active in memory making people more aggressive - directly contradicts the claim that catharsis reduces aggression