-wave topic-

• Longitudinal wave


  • sound
• SpeedOfLight


  3x10E8
• Convex


  • light rays go in
• Electromagnetic spectrum

  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultra violet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
• When light travels from air to glass

  It slows down and bends towards the normal
• When light travels from glass to air

  It travels faster and bends away from the normal
• Radio waves


  • Low frequency
  • Low energy
  • High wavelength
• Gamma rays


  • High frequency
  • High energy
  • Low wavelength
• Mechanical waves


  • Longitudinal (sound)
  • Transverse (water)
• Amplitude


  • Crest
  • normal
• Properties


  • Wavelength
  • Frequency
  • velocity
• Wave velocity = distance / time
• Frequency * wavelength = speed
• Longitudinal wave


  • Vibration of particles horizontal
• Transverse vibration


  • Vibration of particles verticaly
• When light hits a surface, it may reflect light in a specific direction, giving us mirrors and other shiny objects
• Incident ray


  The light that hits the surface
• Reflected ray


  The light that is reflected off the surface
• Normal


  The line perpendicular to the surface
• The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
• Refraction


  When light travels from one medium to another, it changes direction
• This happens because light travels at different speeds in different materials
• Dispersion


  When white light is split into its component colors
• Lenses


  • Concave
  • Convex
  • Focal point
• • Frequency is the number of complete cycles (waves) that pass a given point in one second.
• Period is the time taken by a wave to travel through a certain distance.
• Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points on a wave which are in phase with each other.
• The speed of a wave depends upon the frequency and wavelength of the wave.
• Speed = Frequency x Wavelength
• When the gap size is equal to the wavelength, maximum diffraction occurs

  
• Wider gaps produce less diffraction.

  
• Waves bend round the sides of an obstacle or spread out as they pass through a gap.