Topic 1 - Energy

• What is thermal energy?


  Heat energy
• What is kinetic energy?


  Energy of motion/movement.
• What is gravitational Energy?


  energy of position or place due to its gravitational field
• What is elastic potential energy?


  the potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed
• What is chemical energy?

  Energy stored in chemical bonds
• What is magnetic energy?

  Energy causing push or pull
• What is electrostatic energy?


  potential energy that results from the interaction of charged particles
• What is nuclear energy?

  energy from breaking atoms apart
• How can energy be transferred?

  Mechanically, electrically, heating, radiation
• What is an open system?


  energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
• What is a closed system?

  A system where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave
• How do you calculate kinetic energy?


  Ek = 1/2 x Mass x velocity²

  
• How do you calculate gravitational potential energy?


  Ep = Mass x Gravitational field strength x Height

  
• How do you calculate Weight?


  Mass x gravitational field strength

  
• What is internal energy?


  The energy stored by the particles that make up a system
• What is specific heat capacity?

  The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1oC
• How do you calculate specific heat capacity?


  Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

  
• What is the conservation of energy principle?


  Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but can never be created or destroyed
• What is dissipated energy?


  Wasted energy that is lost to surroundings.
• How is heat transferred in solids?

  conduction
• How is heat transferred in liquids?


  convection
• How is heat transferred in gases?


  Radiation and convection.
• What is conduction?


  The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighboring particles
• What is convection?


  The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
• What is radiation?


  energy that is transferred or emitted by inferred waves.
• What is friction?


  the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
• What is power?


  the rate at which work is done

  OR

  the rate at which energy is transferred.
• How do you calculate power? (electrical energy)


  Power = energy transferred / time take (to transfer the energy)
• How do you calculate power? (Energy required)

  Power = work done / time

  
• How do you calculate efficiency?

  Useful energy output / total energy input x 100

  
• what are the main renewable resources?

  Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Water waves, Biofuels, Hydroelectricity, Tidal
• Name 3 fossil fuels.

  coal, oil, natural gas