nervous system

• Occipital lobe


  Controls vision
• Temporal lobe


  Processes hearing, smell, and taste
• Amygdala


  Responsible for awakening language processing, sensory information, and supporting motor functions. Damage to them leads to permanent coma.
• Hypothalamus


  Contains hormones that regulate hunger, thirst, and aggression
• Pineal gland


  Secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythm
• Brain stem


  Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord, serving as a passageway between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the rest of the body. Governs vital functions and controls reflexes and basic functions.
• Pons


  Transmits electrical impulses, connects the cerebellum to the rest of the body, and controls the movement of the eyes
• Hippocampus


  Responsible for forming new memories, regulating movements, and processing emotion and learning. Located deep within the temporal lobe.
• Hippocampus: Forming new memories


  The hippocampus helps to form new memories by taking in new information and storing it as a memory.
• Hippocampus: Regulating movements


  The hippocampus plays a role in regulating movements by helping to coordinate movements and ensure that they are smooth and coordinated.
• Hippocampus: Location


  The hippocampus is located deep within the temporal lobe, which is situated on the side of the brain.
• Hippocampus: Processing emotion and learning


  The hippocampus is involved in processing emotions and learning by regulating emotions and playing a role in the learning process.
• Interneurons


  Help conduct sensory boarder
• ANS


  Autonomic Nervous System
• SNS


  Somatic Nervous System
• Brain stem


  Connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord
• Brain stem


  • Serves as a passage site between cerebrum and cerebellum and the rest of the body
  • Governs vital functions such as respiratory rate, cardiac rhythm, body temperature, and sleep patterns
  • Controls reflexes
• Brain stem includes


  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
• Midbrain


  Passageway for electrical impulses traveling between the brain and the spinal cord; movement of the eyes
• Pons


  Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain (from Latin word for "bridge")
• Medulla oblongata


  Regulates vital autonomic functions: respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, temperature, sneezing, swallowing
• Hippocampus


  A brain structure embedded deep in the temporal lobe that regulates motivation, emotion, learning, and new memory
• A particular scent triggering a strong memory

  Hippocampus
• Hippocampus damage


  • Can particularly affect spatial memory, or the ability to remember directions, locations, and orientations
• Alzheimer's Disease (AD)


  A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions
• Pituitary Gland


  A.k.a. "master gland" because it not only secretes its own hormones, it tells other glands to produce hormones
• Pituitary Gland dysfunction


  • Can affect vital parts like brain, skin, energy, mood, reproductive organs, vision, growth and more
• CSF protects delicate brain and spinal cord tissues from injury
• The brain is the center of mental functions (thinking, planning, emotions, etc.), voluntary muscular movement, and involuntary processes (HR, BP, breathing, and body T)
• The brain weighs around 3 lbs
• Brain regions


  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brain stem
• Cerebrum


  • Responsible for high-level cognitive functions such as language, reasoning, planning, memory, and sensory integration
  • Cerebral cortex is the outer layer
  • Basal ganglia is the inner layer
  • Contains many convolutions/bumps (gyri) and depressions/grooves (sulci) that increase the brain's surface area
  • Enables brain to process the information that is constantly being received by the sensory organs
• Cerebrum


  • Divided into left and right hemispheres
  • Each hemisphere is in charge of the opposite side of the body
• Corpus callosum


  Thick bundle of nerve tissue that connects and allows communication between the two hemispheres
• Cerebrum lobes


  • Frontal lobes
  • Parietal lobes
  • Occipital lobes
  • Temporal lobes
• Frontal lobe


  • Controls movement, reasoning, planning, problem solving, speech, and emotions
  • The seat of your personality
• Parietal lobe


  • Responsible for processing sensory stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
• Occipital lobe


  • Controls vision
• Temporal lobe


  • Responsible for hearing, sense of smell, factual and visual memory, and language processing
• Cerebellum


  • Located posterior to cerebrum, behind brain stem
  • Controls the body's sense of balance, posture, and equilibrium
  • Coordinates movement of voluntary muscles
  • Helps you to learn ride a bike or learn to play a musical instrument
  • Important in correction of errors in motor learning