CPHM

• Community Health/Public Health


  The science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
• Areas of Community Health/Public Health

  • Environmental Sanitation
  • Control of Community Infection (Communicable Disease)
  • Education of the Individual in Principles of Personal Hygiene
  • Organization of Medical and Nursing Services for Early Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Diseases
  • Development of social machinery which will Ensure everyone as standard living adequate for maintenance of life
• Two Broad Areas of Preventive Medicine

  • Public Health - includes programs and activities directed at community level and will benefit everyone or individuals who are not currently under the care of physician
  • Risk Factor Evaluation - includes programs and activities directed at individuals who are currently under the care of physician who evaluates them for high-risk factors that can cause disease, educate them about good habits and screens them for appropriate conditions
• Health


  A status of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity regarded as person's physical and psychological capacity to establish and maintain balance
• Aspects of Health


  • Physical Health - refers to condition which enables a person to maintain a strong and healthy body
  • Mental Health - refers to how a person thinks of himself, control his emotions and adjust the environment
  • Social Health - refers to ways a person feels, think and acts towards everybody around him
• Health


  Successful defense of the host against forces landing to disturb body equilibrium
• Disease


  Failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium
• Determinants of Health


  • Income and social status
  • Education
  • Physical Environment
  • Employment and Working Conditions
  • Social Support Networks
  • Culture
  • Genetics
  • Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
  • Health Services
  • Gender
• Primary Health Care (PHC)

  Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford at every stage of development
• Elements/Components of PHC


  • Environmental Sanitation
  • Control of Communicable Disease
  • Immunization
  • Health Education
  • MCH and Family Planning
  • Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition
  • Provision of Medical Care and Emergency Treatment
  • Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases
  • Provision of Essential Drugs
• Four Cornerstones/Pillars in PHC

  • Active community participation
  • Intra and inter-sectoral linkages
  • Use of appropriate technology
  • Support mechanism made available
• Levels of Health Care Referral System

  • Primary Health Care Facilities
  • Secondary Health Care Facilities
  • Tertiary Health Care Facilities
• Levels of Health Care Facilities

  • Primary Health Care Facilities - rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units; puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics, clinics operated by large industrial firms, community hospitals, health centers and other health facilities
  • Secondary Health Care Facilities - non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals
  • Tertiary Health Care Facilities - medical centers and large hospitals
• Three Levels of Primary Health Care Workers

  • Village or Grassroot Health Workers - first contacts, socio-economic, curative and preventive
  • Intermediate Level Health Workers - first source, provide support, attends to health problems
  • First Line Hospital Personnel - establish close contact, backup health services
• Primary Level of Care

  Health care provided by center physicians, public health nurse, rural midwives, barangay health workers, traditional healers and others at the barangay health stations and rural health units. First contact between the community members and the other levels of health facility
• Secondary Level of Care


  Given by physicians with basic health training. It is usually given in health facilities privately owned or government operated such as infirmaries, municipal and district hospital and out-patient departments of provincial hospitals. This serves as the referral center for the primary health facilities. Secondary facilities are capable of performing minor surgeries and perform some simple laboratory examinations
• Tertiary Level of Care


  Rendered by specialist in health facilities including medical centers as well as regional and provincial hospitals and specialized hospitals. Complicated cases and intensive care require tertiary care and all these can be provided by the tertiary care facility
• Concept of Community Health

  Working together to help people help themselves, not merely to survive but also achieve the maximum potential
• Four Priorities in Public Health

  • Survival of Man
  • Prevention of condition which lead to destruction or retardation of human function and potential in the years of life
  • Achievement of human potential and prevention of the loss of productivity of young adults and those on the middle period of life
  • Improvement of the quality of life, especially in the later years
• Health Resources


  • Rural Health Unit (RHU) and their sub-centers
  • Chest clinics, Malaria Eradication Units and Schistosomiasis Control Unit
  • Tuberculosis clinics and Hospitals of the PTBs
  • Private Clinics
  • Clinics run by PMA
  • Community Hospitals and Health services Centers run by Philippine Medical Care Commission (PMCC)
  • Voluntary Health Facilities run by Religious and civic groups
• Three Divisions of Health Care Delivery System

  • Government
  • Mixed Sectors
  • Private Sectors
• Responsibilities of the DOH

  • Ensuring access to basic health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care
  • Formulation and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards and manual operation for health services and programs
  • Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses and accreditation
  • Promulgation of the national standards, goals, priorities and indicators
  • Development of special health programs and projects
• Mixed Sectors


  • PTS- Philippine Tuberculosis society
  • PCS- Philippine Cancer Society
  • PNRC- Philippine National Red Cross
  • PMHA- Philippine Mental Health Association
  • PHA- Philippine Heart Association
• Private Sectors


  • Socialized Medicine- funded by general taxation, emphasis on prevention
  • Compulsory Health Insurance- law requires people to subscribe to health insurance plan, usually government sponsored; covers only curative and rehabilitative medicine; preventive services provided by government agencies
  • Voluntary Health Insurance- government only encourages people to subscribe to health insurance
  • Free Enterprise- people have to take care of their medical needs
• Health Programs


  • Adolescent and Youth Health And Development Program (AYHDP)
  • Botika ng Barangay
  • Promotion of Breast-Feeding program/ Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (MBFHI)
  • Cancer Control Program
  • Diabetes Control Program
  • Dengue Control Program
  • Dental Health Program
  • Emerging Disease Control Program
  • Environmental Health Goals
  • Expanded Program on Immunization
  • Family Planning
  • Food and Waterborne Diseases Prevention and Control Program (FWBDPCP)
  • Knock out Tigdas
  • Leprosy Control Program
  • Malaria Control Program
  • National Filariasis Elimination Program
• individuals achieve their desired family size within the context of responsible parenthood and improve their reproductive health
• Food and Waterborne Diseases Prevention and Control Program (FWBDPCP)

  The program focuses on Cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and other food borne emerging diseases (e.g. Paragonimus)
• Knock out Tigdas


  The Knock-out tigdas trategy to reduce the number of children at risk of getting measles
• Leprosy Control Program


  Envisions eliminating leprosy as a human disease by 2020 to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem
• Malaria Control Program


  • 58 of 80 provinces: malaria endemic population at risk: 12M
  • 22 provinces: maintain Malaria-free* status
  • 2– 4 outbreaks per year
  • * malaria-free: absence of Indigenous Malaria case
• National Filariasis Elimination Program

  • Mission: Universal access to quality health services
  • Program Objectives: To reduce the Prevalence Rate to <1/1000 population
  • Specific Objectives: 1. To established the endemicity of municipalities at the end of two years
  • 2. To perform Mass Treatment in established endemic municipalities for at least four years
  • 3. To continue surveillance of established endemic areas five years after Mass treatment
• National Mental Health Program


  It aims at integrating mental Health: Within the total health system, Initially within the DOH system, local health system
• Newborn screening


  • Newborn Screening (NBS) is a simple procedure to find out if a baby has a congenital metabolic disorder lead to mental retardation and even death if left untreated
  • R.A. 9288: AN ACT PROMULGATING A COMPREHENSIVE POLICY AND A NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ENSURING NEWBORN SCREENING
  • April 07, 2004: This Act shall be known as the <Newborn Screening Act of 2004.=
• Occupational Health Program


  Program Objective and Targets: To promote and protect the health and well being of the working population, improved health, better working conditions and workers9 environment
• Health development Program for Older Persons

  The Program intends to promote and improve the quality of life of older. Provision of basic health services for older persons formulation of policies and guidelines pertaining to older person
• Pinoy MD Program <Gusto Kong Maging Doktor=


  • A Medical scholarship Grant Indigenous People, Local Health Workers, Barangay Health workers, Department Of Health employees or their children
  • This is a joint program Department of Health (DOH), Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO), State Universities and Medical Schools
• Prevention of Blindness Program


  To eliminate all avoidable blindness by preventing and controlling diseases development of human resource, infrastructure and technology
• Schistosomiasis Control Program


  Goal: National Schistosomiasis control program: Eliminate Schistosomiasis as a public health problem (Prevalence of 1% and below)
• National TB Control Program

  • In 1996, WHO introduced the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) To ensure completion of treatment
  • Five Elements of DOTS strategy: Microscope, Medicines, Monitoring, MOT, Political Commitment
• R.A. 7719 <Blood Services Act of 1994=


  The Main Objectives are: To promote and encourage voluntary blood donation. The principle that blood donation is a humanitarian act to provide adequate, safe, affordable and equitable distribution of supply of blood and blood products