Breathing

• Alveoli


  • Membrane is very thin (one cell thick) for shorter diffusion pathway
• Diaphragm


  Muscular sheet, it contracts and move down during inhalation to increase volume so that air can move into lungs. Diaphragm relaxes during exhalation in order to decrease the volume of chest so that air can be forced out of lungs.
• Breathing refers to inhalation and exhalation of gases whereas Respiration is the chemical breakdown of glucose in presence of oxygen to release energy
• Inhaled air has more oxygen and less carbon dioxide
• Exhaled air has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide
• Inhalation


  Ribs move up and out, Diaphragm move down, Lungs Volume increases, Lungs Pressure decreases, Gases move into the lungs
• Exhalation


  Ribs move down, Diaphragm move up, Lungs Volume decreases, Lungs Pressure increases, Gases move out of the lungs
• Pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other
• Gases move from high pressure area to low pressure area
• Reasons why the model does not represent the human breathing system well

  • Only one air space (per balloon) or alveoli not represented
• Respiration


  The breakdown of glucose to produce energy using oxygen
• Aerobic respiration


  Respiration that uses oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  Respiration that does not use oxygen
• Exothermic


  Releasing heat energy
• Respiration is the breakdown of glucose to produce energy using oxygen
• Aerobic respiration uses oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen
• Aerobic respiration


  Glucose + Oxygen → Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
• Anaerobic respiration


  Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy
• Lactic acid is formed in muscles during anaerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration occurs in

  • Fermentation, Olympic runner
• Fermentation


  A type of anaerobic respiration that microorganisms use
• Products produced in fermentation

  • Beer, alcohol, bread
• Aerobic respiration has more energy than anaerobic respiration
• Lactic acid build up


  Causes muscle cramps after a lot of exercise
• Energy is released from food through respiration
• Glucose + Oxygen


  Produces water, carbon dioxide, and energy
• Anaerobic respiration uses no oxygen, aerobic respiration uses oxygen
• During aerobic respiration, oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is released
• As the peas start to grow, they begin to respire aerobically, producing a small amount of heat energy
• Aerobic respiration is considered exothermic because it releases heat energy
• Anaerobic respiration


  Incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen which produces small amount of energy and causes lactic acid buildup in muscles
• Respiration


  Anaerobic, cellular respiration, lactic acid, oxygen debt, muscle fatigue, ethanol
• Anaerobic respiration is the incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen which produces small amount of energy and causes lactic acid buildup in muscles
• Respiration equations


  • Glucose + Oxygen → Water + energy
  • Glucose + energy → Carbon dioxide + water
  • Glucose + oxygen → Carbon dioxide + water
• The purpose of respiration is to release energy
• The energy released by respiration is stored in glucose
• Respiration occurs in all living cells
• Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells
• Plants respire during daylight