Physics

• Rock cycle


  Sequence of processes where rocks change from one type to another.
• Weathering


  The wearing down of rock by physical, chemical or biological processes.
• Erosion


  Movement of rock by water, ice or wind (transportation).
• Minerals


  Chemicals that rocks are made from.
• Sedimentary rocks


  Formed from layers of sediment, and which can contain fossils. Examples are limestone, chalk and sandstone.
• Igneous rocks


  Formed from cooled magma, with minerals arranged in crystals. Examples are granite, basalt and obsidian.
• Metamorphic rocks


  Formed from existing rocks exposed to heat and pressure over a long time. Examples are marble, slate and schist.
• Strata


  Layers of sedimentary rock.
• Global warming


  The gradual increase in surface temperature of the Earth.
• Carbon sink


  Areas of vegetation, the ocean or the soil, which absorb and store carbon.
• Greenhouse effect


  When energy from the sun is transferred to the thermal energy store of gases in Earth's atmosphere.
• Recycling


  Processing a material so that it can be used again.
• How are sound made?

  Through shaking or vibration
• A sound wave (longitudinal) is a vibration that travels through a solid, liquid, or gas
• The volume of a sound is shown by the what?

  The amplitude
• The pitch of a sound is shown by the frequency of the wave
• Light (transverse wave) is a type of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the eye
• Light can do what in a vacuum?

  Travels in straight lines and can travel through a vacuum
• In reflection, the angle of incidence = the angle of reflection
• What is refraction?

  The bending of light as it passes through one substances to another
• What are the seven colours of light in order?

  Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
• Why do objects appear in different colours?

  Because they absorb some colours and transmit others.
• Some objects are luminous (emit their own light) and some objects are non-luminous.
• What is refraction?

  When light bends as it crosses a boundary
• White light is a spectrum of colours
• The frequency of light is the number of complete waves that pass a point per second
• Light waves increase in frequency from red (low frequency) to violet (high frequency)
• What only lets their own colours through?

  Coloured filters
• Black absorbs ALL of the colours
• White reflects ALL of the colours
• Label the diagram:

  A) Wavelength

  B) Crest

  C) amplitude

  D) trough

  E) Origin

  
• Label the diagram:

  A) Incident ray

  B) Angle of incident

  C) Angle of reflection

  D) Reflected ray

  
• Label the diagram:

  A) Incident ray

  B) Angle of Incidence

  C) Normal

  D) Angles of refraction

  E) Refracted ray

  
• Waves can be reflected
• Atmospheric pressure is all around us all the time

  The higher you go, the lower the pressure!