Paper 2

• What is energy described as in physics?

  Energy is an idea representing interactions
• How is total energy in any interaction characterized?

  Total energy is always conserved
• What is a caveat regarding energy conservation?

  Energy can turn into matter mass
• What are the different stores of energy called?

  Energy stores
• How is energy measured?

  Energy is measured in Joules
• How do you calculate kinetic energy?

  Kinetic energy is calculated with $E =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What happens to kinetic energy as an object's speed increases?

  Kinetic energy increases with speed
• How is gravitational potential energy calculated?

  Gravitational potential energy is $E =$$mgh$
• What does the height in the gravitational potential energy equation represent?

  Height represents the object's height above ground
• What is elastic potential energy associated with?

  Elastic potential energy is found in springs
• How is elastic potential energy calculated?

  Elastic potential energy is $E =$$\frac{1}{2} K e^2$
• What does thermal energy change depend on?

  It depends on mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change
• What is the specific heat capacity equation?

  Specific heat capacity is <latex{E = mc \Delta T}</latex>
• What does an increase in thermal energy cause in particles?

  Particles move faster with increased thermal energy
• What is chemical potential energy associated with?

  Chemical potential energy is in food and fuels
• What must happen for energy to be transferred in a system?

  Energy must transfer between objects or stores
• What is a closed system?

  No energy is lost or gained from surroundings
• What happens to gravitational potential energy as an object falls?

  Gravitational potential energy converts to kinetic energy
• How can you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed is <latex{V = \sqrt{\frac{2E}{m}}}</latex>
• What does it mean if energy is lost to surroundings?

  It indicates the system is not closed
• What is the equation for work done?

  Work done is <latex{W = F \cdot d}</latex>
• How is work done related to gravitational potential energy?

  Work done equals gravitational potential energy gained
• What does Hooke's Law state?

  Force equals spring constant times extension
• What is the unit for spring constant?

  Spring constant is measured in Newtons per meter
• What happens when you double the force applied to a spring?

  Extension of the spring also doubles
• What is the principle of moments?

  Moments are balanced when clockwise equals anticlockwise
• What is pressure defined as?

  Pressure is force divided by area
• What is the unit for pressure?

  Pressure is measured in Pascals
• How does pressure change with depth in water?

  Pressure increases with depth in water
• What causes gas pressure?

  Gas pressure is due to particle collisions
• How can you increase gas pressure?

  By adding more gas or reducing volume
• What happens to atmospheric pressure with altitude?

  Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude
• What is electricity defined as?

  Electricity is the flow of charge
• What do electrons carry in an electric circuit?

  Electrons carry energy from a source
• What is the symbol for a cell in a circuit diagram?

  A single line with a longer line for positive
• What does a battery consist of?

  A battery consists of multiple cells connected
• How are wires represented in circuit diagrams?

  Wires are represented by straight lines
• What happens to energy in a circuit component?

  Energy is released as another type of energy
• How do you calculate power in an electric circuit?

  Power is calculated as <latex{P = IV}</latex>
• What does the unit for power represent?

  Power is measured in Watts