Chapter 15

• Hematologic system


  Encompasses the production of blood and the transport of blood throughout the body.
• Blood


  Supplies body tissues with oxygen, nutrients (vitamins, minerals, glucose, and amino acids), and various chemicals, like hormones. It transports waste products to various organs for removal and transports gases to and from the lungs and cells. It maintains homeostasis and supports immune function.
• Hem/o and hemat/o


  Blood
• Hematology


  The study of blood
• Hematopoiesis


  Formation of blood
• -poiesis


  Formation
• Drawing blood


  Common term for collecting a blood sample
• Anticoagulant


  A substance that prevents the clotting of blood. Includes ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and heparin. Can be found in collection tubes and drugs.
• Coagulation


  The process of clotting
• Buffy coat


  The layer that appears at the interface of the erythrocytes and plasma when coagulated blood is centrifuged. It contains leukocytes and thrombocytes.
• Serum


  The liquid portion of blood when clotting proteins are removed. The liquid present after the blood is allowed to clot.
• Plasma


  A straw colored fluid portion of blood that transports nutrients, hormones and waste products. It contains clotting proteins and is a colloid.
• Colloid


  A liquid that contains suspended particles, like the clotting proteins suspended in plasma.
• Fibrinogen and prothrombin


  Clotting proteins
• Fribrin/o


  Fibrin or threads of a clot
• Pro-


  Before
• Thromb/o


  Clot
• Albumin


  Plasma protein
• Cholesterol and triglyceride


  Lipids that circulate in blood
• Erythrocyte, RBC


  A mature red blood cell. In mammals, they do not have nuclei, but in non mammals, they have nuclei. It has a biconcave disc shape and has hemoglobin.
• Erythr/o


  red
• -cyte


  Cell
• Hemoglobin


  A blood protein that transports oxygen
• Heme


  The non protein iron containing portion of hemoglobin.
• Central pallor


  The thinnest part of the biconcave disc of the RBC represented by a central pale area.
• Myel/o


  Bone marrow and spinal cord
• Reticulocyte


  An immature, non-nucleated erythrocyte characterized by polychromasia (Wright's stain) or a mesh like pattern of threads (new methylene blue stain). They may increase as the bone marrow responds to blood loss.
• Reticulocytosis


  Regenerative anemia
• Macrophage


  A large cell that destroys by eating or engulfing. They destroy RBCs that are no longer useful.
• Macr/o


  Large
• -phage


  Eating
• Phagocyte


  A leukocyte that ingests foreign material.
• Morphology


  The study of form or shape.
• Normocytic


  Normal cell size
• Macrocytic


  Larger than normal cell size
• Microcytic


  Smaller than normal cell size
• Poikilocytosis


  Condition of irregular cells. It clinically means varied shapes of erythrocytes.
• Poikilo


  Irregular
• Anisocytosis


  Condition of unequal cell size or excessive variation in RBC size
• Normochromic


  Normal RBC color that has an area of central pallor of normal size