basic concept of hazards

• Hazards


  Potentially damaging events that may cause damage to people and property
• Hazards


  • Can include conditions that can represent future threats and have different origins
• Types of hazards


  • Natural
  • Geological
  • Hydro-meteorological / climate change related
  • Human induced
• Natural hazards

  • Earthquakes
  • Volcanoes
• Hazardous event


  Occurrence of a phenomenon in a particular place during a particular time due to a hazard
• Only a hazardous event if nobody is affected
• Disaster


  Hazardous event in a populated area
• Impact of natural hazards

  • Urban infrastructure
  • Human health and safety
  • Vulnerable communities
• The Philippines is subjected to hazards because of geological/geographical conditions
• At least 5 earthquakes happen per day in the Philippines
• Major earthquakes in the Philippines

  • 1990 Luzon earthquake
  • 2013 earthquakes
• The 2013 earthquakes destroyed heritage churches in Bohol and Cebu
• Reasons for high seismicity in the Philippines

  • Plate interactions
  • Displacements along fault zone
  • Decouples north-westward motion of pacific with south eastward motion of Eurasian
  • Movements of active faults
• The Philippines has 22 active volcanoes
• Active volcanoes in the Philippines

  • Pinatubo (1991)
  • Mayon and Bulusan (2016)
• An average of 20 typhoons occur in the Philippines each year (July-Nov)
• The Philippines is the 4th highest frequency of hydrological disasters (1971-2010)
• The Philippines has the highest frequency of intense meteorological disasters in the region
• Many cities and towns in the Philippines are built on floodplains, making them flood-prone
• Increased rainfall in recent years has worsened traffic problems in Metro Manila during heavy rain
• Landslides and mudflows are triggered by earthquakes and heavy rainfall in the Philippines
• Coastal areas in the Philippines are vulnerable to storm surges, tsunamis, and sea level changes