Behaviourism approach

• What is the focus of behaviorism?

  Observable behavior and environmental learning
• How does behaviorism view learning?

  As a result of interaction with the environment
• What is classical conditioning?

  • A learning process
  • Involves conditioned stimuli
  • Results in conditioned responses
• What is a neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

  A stimulus that initially elicits no response
• What happens when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus?

  It becomes a conditioned stimulus
• How does a conditioned response differ from an unconditioned response?

  A conditioned response is learned, unconditioned is innate
• What are the key components of classical conditioning?

  • Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
  • Unconditioned response (UCR)
  • Conditioned stimulus (CS)
  • Conditioned response (CR)
• What is operant conditioning?

  A learning process through rewards and punishments
• What is positive reinforcement?

  Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
• What is negative reinforcement?

  Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior
• What is punishment in operant conditioning?

  Consequences that decrease the likelihood of behavior
• What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?

  Positive adds an unpleasant stimulus, negative removes a pleasant one
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of behaviorism?

  Strengths:

  • Real-life applications
  • Useful in therapy and education

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Ignores internal thoughts
  • Limited view of learning
• What do behaviorists argue about psychology?

  It should be scientific and objective
• What is the definition of positive reinforcement?

  Giving something pleasant to encourage behavior
• What is the definition of negative reinforcement?

  Removing something unpleasant to encourage behavior
• What is the definition of punishment?

  Consequences that decrease behavior likelihood
• How do behaviorists view the role of the environment in learning?

  As a crucial factor influencing behavior
• What are the implications of behaviorism in therapy?

  • Techniques based on reinforcement
  • Focus on observable behavior
  • Use of conditioning methods
• What is the significance of controlled lab experiments in behaviorism?

  They provide high internal validity
• What do behaviorists argue about previous environments?

  All behavior is learned from past environments
• How do behaviorists view the validity of their experiments?

  They argue for high ecological validity
• What do behaviorists ignore in their studies?

  Biological factors affecting behavior
• What is the criticism of behaviorism regarding mental processes?

  It overlooks internal mental processes
• How does behaviorism relate to ecological validity?

  It often lacks ecological validity in studies
• What is the main focus of behaviorism in psychology?

  Observable behavior and environmental influences