MC2- L3

• Health


  • "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." - WHO
  • "Soundness of body and mind." – Oxford
  • "Condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit, especially freedom from physical disease or pain." - Webster
• Disease


  A disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment.

  
• Causes of Disease


  • Airborne
  • Foodborne
  • Infectious
  • Lifestyle
  • Non-communicable
• Airborne disease


  Any disease that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air.
• Foodborne illness or food poisoning

  Any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites.
• Infectious diseases


  Also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases, comprise clinically evident illness (i.e., characteristic medical signs or symptoms of disease) resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. Included in this category are contagious diseases – an infection, such as influenza or the common cold, that commonly spreads from one person to another – and communicable diseases – a disease that can spread from one person to another, but does not necessarily spread through everyday contact.
• Lifestyle disease


  A disease that appears to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer, especially if the risk factors include behavioral choices like a sedentary lifestyle or a diet high in unhealthful foods such as refined carbohydrates, trans fats, or alcoholic beverages.
• Non-communicable disease


  A medical condition or disease that is non-transmissible. Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread directly from one person to another. Heart disease and cancer are examples of non-communicable diseases in humans.
• Classification of Disease


  • Congenital disorder or congenital disease
  • Acquired disease
  • Genetic/Hereditary Disease
  • Acute Disease
  • Chronic condition or chronic disease
  • Iatrogenic
  • Idiopathic disease
  • Primary disease
  • Secondary disease

  
• Congenital disorder or congenital disease

  A disorder or disease that is present at birth. It is often a genetic disease or disorder and can be inherited. It can also be the result of a vertically transmitted infection from the mother, such as HIV/AIDS.
• Acquired disease


  A disease that began at some point during one's lifetime, Acquired sounds like it could mean "caught via contagion", but it simply means acquired sometime after birth.
• Genetic/Hereditary Disease


  A disease caused by one or more genetic mutations.
• Acute disease


  A disease of a short-term nature
• Chronic condition or chronic disease

  A disease that persists over time, often for at least six months, but may also include illnesses that are expected to last for the entirety of one's natural life.
• Iatrogenic


  A disease or condition caused by medical intervention, whether as a side effect of a treatment or as an inadvertent outcome. Caused by physician or drug
• Idiopathic disease


  A disease with an unknown cause or source.
• Primary disease


  A disease that is due to a root cause of illness, as opposed to secondary disease, which is a sequela, or complication that is caused by the primary disease.
• Secondary disease


  A disease that is a sequela or complication of a prior, causal disease, which is referred to as the primary disease or simply the underlying cause (root cause).
• Manifestation of Disease


  • Symptoms of Disease
  • Signs of Disease

  
• Symptoms of Disease


  The changes that any patient experiences before or during the disease. However, a doctor cannot see or observe it so the patient has to inform the doctor about the symptoms.
• Signs of Disease


  The changes in the normal functioning or structure of the body. A physician/doctor can easily notice signs in the patient's body. Signs include rashes, inflammation, swelling, change in the colour of the skin, etc.

  
• Treatment


  Something that health care providers do for their patients to control a health problem, lessen its symptoms, or clear it up. Treatments can include medicine, therapy, surgery, or other approaches.
• Cure


  When a treatment makes a health problem go away for good. Some health problems have a cure.
• Assignment: 1. Some drugs used in Medicine, 2. Branches of Medicine