Natural Hazards: Mitigation and Adaption

• Catastrophe is a massive destruction/effect that required a significant expenditure of money and long time to recover (often years)
• Natural Hazards is naturally occurring and natural process event that is a potential threat to humans
• Natural Hazards occurs a limited time span in a defined area (little damage)
• Geological is came from land/lupa that can threaten the humans. one of the example of it are earthquake, landslide, volcanic activity
• Hydrometeorological is came from air, water and atmosphere. one of the example of it are typhoons, monsoons, flooding and tornadoes
• Earthquake happens when there's a sudden release or energy or movement in the earth's crust. Where it creates a seismic waves that cause the ground to shake. Happens because of tectonic plates
• Ground Shaking can cause buildings, bridges and other structure to collapse
• Tsunamis - an underwater earthquake that can generate large waves that travels long distance
• Landslide is a sudden movement of dirt, rocks and chunks. Sometimes it caused by heavy rains, earthquakes or other factors that make the ground to shake. It is also a Secondary Hazards
• Faults - is a fracture/ cracks in the earth's crust where movement occurs
• Normal Fault occur when rocks move aparts to "tensional process"

  
• Reverse Fault is when the crust pushed together due to "compression process"

  
• Strike-slip Fault is when the crust slide horizontally past each other due to "sheer forces"

  
• Volcanic Eruptions is the most dramatic and violent agents of changes. Its activities can affect large areas and go for extended periods of time.
• Types of Volcanic Active; 1. Active; the volcanoes were always active. 2. Potentially/Dormant Active; often active. 3. Inactive/Extinct; not active
• Pacific ring of fire is path along the pacific ocean characterized by frequent earthquakes. Most volcanoes there are active
• Epicenter is the point directly "above the focus" on the surface.
• The Focus/Hypocenter is the point within earth where "faulting begins"
• the Fault is the fracture/cracks in the earth's crust
• 1. The red lines, we called as Epicenter 2. The circle beyond the red lines we called as Focus. 3. The crack on the surface is called "Fault"

  
• Intensity is the strength/degree of the earthquake/during the earthquake
• Magnitude is the energy of the earthquake which is measured by number
• Ritcher Scale - is the scale of magnitude
• Surface Rupture - where it can push and pull the ground, tearing the surface and pushing the ground apart and upward (yong nasira na land)
• Typhoon and Hurricanes are "big tropical storms" with winds and heavy rains on specific coastal area
• Typhoon and Hurricanes are "big tropical storms" with winds and heavy rains on specific coastal area
• Tropical disturbance is where the elements/substances is compelled around in order to build typhoons (gasess, winds and forces)
• Tropical depression - where the elements and substances already meet such as gasses, winds and forces. (LPA,HPA/HABAGAT)
• Tropical storm is where the typhoon/hurricanes are created as storm
• Hurricane/Typhoon - where we can feel it during its havoc destruction (where it did landfall on the land area)
• Rain Bonds - where we can feel the storm
• The eye - is the eye of the storm where the storm is calm in this part
• The eye wall - area where the eye meets
• Monsoons is seasonally directed wind (that brings fall during the summer in hot asian countries) and comes with rain (easthern and southern asia)
• 1. Amihan came from North (northeast monsoon) whereas the wind directs at North to east
• 2. Habagat came from south (southeast monsoon) that came from South to east (wind)
• Flooding is where the water overflowing into dry land. It is secondary hazard
• Types of Flood: 1. Flash Flood a sudden/unexpected rush of water, where the water is at low level and cause by rain. While the 2. Downstream Flood is caused by storms/heavy rains, where the water is high and can last for a few days, years or months to recover
• Tornado is turning air that "touches the ground". It has debris on it while rotating; looks like a powerful vacuum cleaners.