Ecology & Plant test

• Ecology


  how organisms interact with each other and the environment
• Abiotic


  non-living
• Biotic


  living
• Level of organization in an organism

  atom-macromolecule-organelles-cells-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
• Organism


  individual living thing
• Population


  a group of the same species in the same area
• Community


  all populations of different species in the same place at same time
• Ecosystem


  Community PLUS abiotic factors
• Biome


  several related ecosystems with similar characteristics
• Biosphere


  any part of Earth with life in it
• Autotroph


  make their own food from sun(photoautotroph)/chemicals(chemoautotroph)
• Herbivore


  eat only producers
• Carnivore


  Only eat consumers
• Omnivore


  eat both producers and consumers
• Detritivores/scavengers


  eat dead animals
• Decomposers


  break down matter into simplest form
• Energy flow


  flow of energy through living things in an ecosystem
• Food chain


  single display of energy transfer
• Ecological pyramids


  show energy levels flow through ecosystem
• Habitat


  WHERE organism lives
• Niche


  the ROLE and organism plays in its habitat
• Competition


  rivalry between things for resources
• Intraspecific competition


  competition between SAME species
• Interspecific competition


  competition between Different species
• Predation


  an organism feeds off of another organism
• Symbiosis


  relationship between 2 different organisms living close together
• Mutualism


  both species benefit
• Parasitism


  only one organism benefits
• commensalism


  one organism benefits, the other doesn't care
• ecological succession


  series of predictable changes that regenerates or creates a community after a disturbance
• primary succession is basically bottleneck(NOTHING THERE)
• secondary succession basically founder (SOME THERE)
• Birth rate


  amt of births per year
• Death rate


  amt of deaths per year
• immigration


  ENTERING population
• Emigration


  EXITINGpopulation
• Population Density formula is number of individuals(N) over area(A)

  N/A
• Population growth formula is births(B) minus deaths(D) over number of individuals B-D/N
• density independent limiting factors (what affects the population)

  Temperature, Droughts, Natural Disasters (ABIOTIC)
• Carrying capacity


  maximum the world can handle (humans is 10.9 billion)