pH and neutralisation

• What does the pH scale indicate?

  The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
• What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What does "aq" stand for in chemical formulas?

  Aqueous solution
• What are bases?

  Chemicals that can neutralize acids
• What do bases produce when they neutralize acids?

  A salt and water
• What distinguishes alkalis from bases?

  Alkalis are soluble in water
• What is the pH range for acids?

  0 to 6
• What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

  7
• What is the pH range for alkaline solutions?

  8 to 14
• How can the pH of a solution be determined?

  Using a pH probe or universal indicator
• What color does a neutral solution show with universal indicator?

  Green
• What color indicates a very acidic solution?

  Red
• What color indicates a very alkaline solution?

  Purple
• What happens during the neutralization reaction?

  Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water
• What is the relationship between pH and acidity/alkalinity?

  • pH 0-6: Acidic
  • pH 7: Neutral
  • pH 8-14: Alkaline
• What are the methods to determine pH?

  • pH probe: Electronic measurement
  • Universal indicator: Color change based on acidity/alkalinity