PE - The Respiratory System (P1)

• Respiratory system


  Everything you use to breathe
• Parts of the respiratory system

  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• Air flow through the respiratory system

  1. Nose or mouth

  2. Trachea

  3. Bronchi

  4. Bronchioles

  5. Alveoli
• Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

  • Respiratory muscles that help air move in and out
• Breathing in


  1. Diaphragm and external intercostals contract

  2. Ribcage moves upwards

  3. Chest cavity expands

  4. Air drawn into lungs
• Breathing out


  1. Diaphragm and external intercostals relax

  2. Ribcage moves downwards

  3. Chest cavity shrinks

  4. Air forced out of lungs
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange


  Occurs in the alveoli
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

  1. Deoxygenated blood delivers CO2 and collects O2

  2. CO2 moves from blood to alveoli to be breathed out

  3. O2 moves from alveoli to blood
• Alveoli


  • Surrounded by many capillaries
  • Large surface area
  • Moist, thin walls
  • Gases exchange by diffusion
• Diffusion is the process by which gases move from high to low concentration
• Aerobic exercise


  When exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all of the oxygen that the working muscles need.
• Aerobic respiration


  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
• Anaerobic exercise


  When exercise duration is short and high intensity, the heart and lungs can not supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the needed.
• Anaerobic respiration


  Glucose -> Energy + Lactic acid
• Breathing rate


  Number of breaths per minute
• Tidal volume


  Amount of air breathed in or out in one breath
• Minute ventilation


  Volume of air breathed in or out per minute
• A 100-metre sprint would be anaerobic exercise