PR

• RESEARCH

  Scientific investigation of phenomena which includes the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation.
• RESEARCH

  Based on knowledge, not on mere beliefs, guesses, or theories
• RESEARCH

  systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need to acquire information and evaluate its effectiveness.
• RESEARCH

  A process of inquiring
• SYSTEMATIC AND OBJECTIVE CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE

  with system or method, THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• OBJECTIVE

  no bias, all angles presented
• KNOWLEDGE CREATION

  a creative process
• THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

  · observation

  · question

  · hypothesis

  · experiment

  · conclusion

  · result
• INQUIRY

  term that synonymous with the word INVESTIGATION, tend to ask a question to probe something
• CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

  · empirical

  · systematic

  · controlled

  · employ hypothesis

  · analytical

  · objective

  · original work
• EMPIRICAL

  based on observations and experiments of theories
• SYSTEMATIC

  follows orderly and sequential procedures based on valid procedures and principles
• CONTROLLED

  all variables are kept constant
• EMPLOY HYPOTHESIS

  a search for facts
• ANALYTICAL

  procedures in gathering data
• OBJECTIVE

  unbiased and logical
• ORIGINAL WORK

  requires its examination and procedures the data needed to complete the study
• PROCESS OF RESEARCH

  · define research

  · review of related studies

  · formulating hypothesis

  · research design

  · collecting data

  · analyzing data

  · interpret and report
• DEFINE RESEARCH

  what is the problem?
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

  what evidence is already presented?
• FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

  how are we going to find/look for the answers to the questions being studied
• RESEARCH DESIGN

  where will the study be shown and with what population?
• COLLECTING DATA

  are we going to gather the data? where do we find the data
• ANALYZING DATA

  how do the data answers the research queries
• INTERPRET AND REPORT

  what are the implications of the results
• ETHICS OF RESEARCH

  · informed consent

  · honesty

  · objectivity

  · integrity

  · carefulness

  · openness

  · respect to intellectual property

  · confidentiality

  · responsible mentoring

  · responsible publication

  · respect for colleagues

  · social responsibility

  · non-discrimination

  · legality

  · animal care

  · human subject protection
• INFORMED CONSENT

  protect the rights of the participants in study
• HONESTY

  it reports data, results, methods, and procedures and publication status
• OBJECTIVITY

  avoid bias
• INTEGRITY

  keep your promises and agreements act with sincerity
• CAREFULNESS

  avoid careless errors and negligence
• OPENNESS

  shares data. open to criticism and new ideas
• RESPECT TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

  do not use published or unpublished data without permission
• CONFIDENTIALITY

  protect confidential communications
• RESPONSIBLE MENTORING

  help to educate, mentor, and advise others
• RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION

  publish to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your career
• RESPECT FOR COLLEAGUES

  respect your colleagues opinions, treat them fairly, and do not outsmart others.
• SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

  strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms
• NON-DISCRIMINATION

  avoid discrimination against colleagues or students that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity
• LEGALITY

  know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies